Discover insights from thousands of peer-reviewed papers on microbial electrochemical systems
Karnapa Ajit, Juliana John, Haribabu Krishnan
Research Square · 2023
Abstract It becomes important to simultaneously focus on the development of cost-effective electrode materials and catalysts as well as evaluating their performance on stacked systems in order to create scalable bio electrochemical systems for waste water treatment. Platinum group metal free biomass derived cathode catalysts have been observed to improve the microbial fuel cell performance in recent years. But their performance in scalable systems using Natural clay membrane – SS mesh electrode MEA needs to be evaluated for applying to real time systems. In the current work, a catalyst with intrinsic Fe-N-C coordination could be synthesised from the seedpods of biomass Bauhinia Accuminata. The elemental analysis and XPS results confirmed the intrinsic doping of heteroatoms N and P in the catalyst with atomic weight percentages of 4.5 and 3.5, respectively. The deconvolution of N1 and Fe2p spectra confirmed Fe-N-C coordination in the catalyst with pyridinic N and graphitic N content of 17.3% and 34.1%, favouring the ORR activity. The catalyst when coated on SS mesh and used in an MFC system with natural clay membrane - modified SS mesh electrode MEA, the maximum power density was 0.91 W/m 3 compared to 0.02 W/m 3 in plain SS electrode cell with COD removal efficiency of 93.3%. The study also demonstrated the stepping up of voltage, current and power achieved while stacking such single MFCs in series, parallel, parallel - series and fluidically connected configurations. Parallelly connected system outperformed other systems with a maximum power density of 1.54 W/m 3 despite a high OCV of 4.15V attained in series connection. It was also notable that the fluidically connected parallel system achieved better power and current density (0.84W/m 3 and 1.97A/m 3 ) than the mixed parallel series circuitry (0.7W/m 3 and 0.57A/m 3 ).
Alberto Mur-Gorgas, Antonio V. García-Triviño, R. Mateos et al.
Applied Sciences · 2024
This study explores the impact of incorporating conductive materials and bioelectrochemical systems (BES) on the efficiency of anaerobic digestion (AD) of sewage sludge. The research consists of two phases: biodegradability tests using 3D-printed polylactic acid-based conductive fillers (PLA/Carbon Black and PLA/Graphene) and semi-continuous assays integrating an external BES into the AD process. Results from biodegradability tests indicate that conductive fillers enhance around 50% methane production during the start-up phase, with microbial communities adapting over time to reduce variability in methane yields. Moreover, as the experiment progressed, the methane yields of the digesters with and without fillers became equal. Semi-continuous experiments demonstrate that BES integration improves process stability and methane production by achieving a 5–10% improvement in the amount of methane in the biogas throughout the entire operation, even under high organic loads, by facilitating diverse electron transfer pathways. The challenges of BES operation highlight the need for optimized designs to ensure scalability. Microbial analyses reveal that BES application shifts methanogenic pathways, favouring acetoclastic methanogenesis. Overall, the findings underscore the potential of conductive materials and BES to improve biogas quality and production, contributing to sustainable wastewater management and renewable energy generation.
W. Houf, S. Bashir, J. Liu
ECS Meeting Abstracts · 2022
The microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are bioelectrochemical devices to convert chemical energy into electricity using a microorganism, without relying on abiotic catalysts and fossil fuels. The microbes enable proton production and electron transfer by oxidizing organic matters, which can be from wastewater, biomass, and other feedstocks. The electrons flow will produce a direct electrical current, causing the potential differences between the anode and cathode compartments. The aromatic sulfonation of membrane may result in acidity changes in the anode, causing microbe inhibitions. The PVA based novel membrane was developed and used as the electrolyte to overcome the above problems. The brewer’s yeast (S. cerevisiae) as a biocatalyst was used in MFCs due to the resilience to environmental changes and simple mechanism of electron transfer. The S. cerevisiae an eukaryote was found to easily retrofit into ethanol plants for in situ power generation, which were found improve the microbial fuel cell performance by our study. This study indicated that anodic biofilm modification using nanoparticles is an effective approach to improve electrochemical activities due to their high surface area and high electronic conductivity. The red-light facilitates the efficient electron transfer through mediated redox couples within the anodic biota-anchored films. These redox mediators may represent an electronic network permeating the biofilm that can promote long-range electrical transfer in an energy-efficient manner, as a result of increasing MFC electricity production. As society migrates from consumption of gasoline to low carbon-based fuels, the MFCs becomes important to produce electrical energy with near zero net emission. Figure 1
M. Moqsud, Yuichiro Kanehagi
Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication · 2016
In this study, a microbial fuel cell has been designed for the marine sediment to generate bio-electricity and to improve the geo-environmental condition simultaneously. Four different kinds of sediments were used in the laboratory tests to generate the bio-electricity. The acid volatile sulfide (AVS) was measured to verify the improvement of the geo-environment of the marine sediment. The effects of temperature, number of anode and the different conditions of the circuit were evaluated to observe the bio-electricity generation. The amount of voltage value showed almost twice when two anodes were used compared with single anode. Higher temperature showed the higher voltage due to enhanced activity of the bacteria in the higher temperature. Acid volatile sulfide values reduced quickly when the circuit was completed. All the samples showed the decreasing trend of AVS value with time and reached at the 0.2 mg/g dry mud indicating the geo-environmental improvement of the marine sediments.
, Phuwadon Bunlengsuwan
· 2015
The proton exchange membranes (PEMs) are being developed intensively due to their great potential as a promising power source for transportation, residential, and portable applications. In this work, the novel PEMs consisting of inorganic fillers embedded in sulfonated polysulfone (S-PSF) were fabricated. The effect of zeolite Y and sulfonated graphene oxide (S-GO) was investigated on the thermal and mechanical stability, water uptake, proton conductivity, and methanol permeability. The proton conductivity of S-PSF/zeolite Y membrane increased with increasing zeolite Y content, in parallel with the methanol permeability. It was due to its water retention property. The highest proton conductivity was found at 3 % v/v of S-GO because of the increment of sulfonic acid groups by incorporating of S-GO. The S-GO particles positively affected for blocking water and methanol molecules, caused by the increasing of interfacial interaction between S-PSF and S-GO, leading to the decreases in the water uptake and methanol permeability. Besides, the hybrid membranes, which were S-PSF membrane mixing with both zeolite Y and S-GO, were investigated. They also showed better performance than the pristine S-PSF and Nafion 117 membrane. Therefore, all composite membranes are a potential candidate for being used in DMFC applications.
Franz Clementschitsch, Karl Bayer
Microbial Cell Factories · 2006
Abstract The advancement of bioprocess monitoring will play a crucial role to meet the future requirements of bioprocess technology. Major issues are the acceleration of process development to reduce the time to the market and to ensure optimal exploitation of the cell factory and further to cope with the requirements of the Process Analytical Technology initiative. Due to the enormous complexity of cellular systems and lack of appropriate sensor systems microbial production processes are still poorly understood. This holds generally true for the most microbial production processes, in particular for the recombinant protein production due to strong interaction between recombinant gene expression and host cell metabolism. Therefore, it is necessary to scrutinise the role of the different cellular compartments in the biosynthesis process in order to develop comprehensive process monitoring concepts by involving the most significant process variables and their interconnections. Although research for the development of novel sensor systems is progressing their applicability in bioprocessing is very limited with respect to on-line and in-situ measurement due to specific requirements of aseptic conditions, high number of analytes, drift, and often rather low physiological relevance. A comprehensive survey of the state of the art of bioprocess monitoring reveals that only a limited number of metabolic variables show a close correlation to the currently explored chemical/physical principles. In order to circumvent this unsatisfying situation mathematical methods are applied to uncover "hidden" information contained in the on-line data and thereby creating correlations to the multitude of highly specific biochemical off-line data. Modelling enables the continuous prediction of otherwise discrete off-line data whereby critical process states can be more easily detected. The challenging issue of this concept is to establish significant on-line and off-line data sets. In this context, online sensor systems are reviewed with respect to commercial availability in combination with the suitability of offline analytical measurement methods. In a case study, the aptitude of the concept to exploit easily available online data for prediction of complex process variables in a recombinant E. coli fed-batch cultivation aiming at the improvement of monitoring capabilities is demonstrated. In addition, the perspectives for model-based process supervision and process control are outlined.
, Vorachatra Sukwattanajaroon
· 2010
This research investigated the performance improvement of bioethanol-fuelled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) system with pervaporation. Two types of membrane, hydrophilic and hydrophobic were employed in a pervaporation integrated with SOFC system and their corresponding overall electrical efficiencies were compared. The results indicated that the system with hydrophobic membrane required much less thermal energy about 1/4 times and offered a higher overall electrical efficiency compared to the system with hydrophilic membrane. High ethanol separation factor values of hydrophobic membrane were required when the purification system was operated at higher ethanol recovery to achieve more overall efficiency. However, the real membranes which had high enough separation factor values of the hydrophobic type were limited. Afterwards, vapor permeation was proposed to be further installed after a hydrophobic pervaporation (hybrid vapor permeation-pervaporation) to solve the previous problem. Based on energy self-sufficient condition and PTMSP membrane regarded as the poorest separation performance, the simulation results showed that it could offer the overall electrical efficiency of about 2.4 times when installing a hydrophilic vapor permeation compared with the case of using the pervaporation alone. Among the different purification processes at base case, the overall electrical efficiency can be ranked by the following order: Hybrid vapor permeation-pervaporation > pervaporation > distillation column, respectively.
, Nattaphol Ruangrassamee
· 2006
This study was carried out to investigate the possible improvement of SOFC performance by using multiple stacks arranged in series in which the operating voltages were allowed to vary among the different stacks. The comparative study on the operation in conventional SOFC configuration in which multiple stacks are typically arranged in parallel and the alternative ones in which stacks are networked in series is considered in both case i.e with and without considering the effect of pressure drop. By connected the stacks in series instead of in parallel, the power and electrical efficiency improvement as high as 5.0% can be achieved. Moreover, the improvement by the arrangement in series becomes less significant after the number of stacks more than 2. The configuration in series with one compressor installed only at the inlets of the first stack is the best option when taking into account the pressure drop. However, the pressure drops are about 4.7 and 3.75 times in the anodic and cathodic channels, respectively, compared with those from the case with stack arrangement in parallel. Therefore it requires higher consumption of compression power. It was suggested that, to compensate a part of power consumption from installed compressors, the heat recovery system should be installed to offer the practical operation.
, Supawat Vivanpatarakij
· 2007
The research focuses on the improvement of methane-fuelled solid oxide fuel cell system. Three improvements of the system were considered: 1) Operating under a non-uniform potential operation (SOFC-NUP), 2) Implementing a membrane reactor to the SOFC system (SOFC-MR) and 3) Integrating a CaO-CO₂ acceptor with the SOFC system (SOFC-CaO). For SOFC-NUP, the optimum split ratios of Sp,1 = 0.55 and Sp,2 = 0.45 was found to improve power density as high as 9.2%. In addition, the increase in the number of separated section (n) of the cell could increase the achieved maximum power density but less pronounced after n > 3. For SOFC-MR, an SOFC system integrated with a palladium membrane reactor operating at different modes; i.e., high pressure compressor (MR-HPC), vacuum pump (MR-V) and combined high pressure compressor and vacuum pump (MR-HPC-V) was considered. The power density of the SOFC was improved, depending on the increasing hydrogen recovery (). At high electrical efficiency, the SOFC-MR system became more attractive than the conventional system. It was found that the MR-HPC-V was the best operation mode among MR-SOFC systems. For the CaO-CO₂ acceptor SOFC systems, the CO₂ capture efficiency (Ec) depends on fresh feed CaO (F0), recycled CaO (FR) and amount of CO₂ ¬fed through. The CaO-CO₂ SOFC systems (i.e. CaO-After-Burner, CaO-After-SOFC and CaO-Before-SOFC) were compared with the conventional SOFC. Only CaO-Before-SOFC can improve SOFC performance which depends on both CO2 capture efficiency (Ec) and fuel utilization (Uf). The CaO-SOFC system can operate at lower cost than the conventional SOFC. The total added cost/reduced CO2 ($.mol-1) are in the sequence of the CaO-After-Burner > CaO-After-SOFC > CaO-Before-SOFC. Unfortunately, CaO-Before-SOFC can not reduce CO2 more than 40%. When the CO₂ reduction was required more than 40%, the CaO-After-SOFC was a suitable choice for the SOFC-CaO system.
Mukul Chankaya, Aijaz Ahmad, Ikhlaq Hussain et al.
IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications · 2022
This article presents a photovoltaic (PV)–battery energy storage (BES) system functioning in both grid-tied and standalone modes while performing multifunctional operations, including reactive power compensation, power balancing, and power quality enhancement. The PV–BES system ensures uninterrupted power supply to the critical loads even during seamless transitions from grid-tied mode to islanded mode, and vice versa. The incremental conductance technique controls the boost converter and confirms maximum PV power extraction. The bidirectional converter connects BES to the dc bus. The dc bus voltage $({{V}_{dc}})$ is regulated by a slime mold optimized proportional-integral controller to limit the dynamic state variation and improve stability. The voltage-source converter (VSC) is controlled by a minimum kernel-risk-sensitive mean p-power loss algorithm during the grid-synchronization mode. In contrast, the voltage control algorithm executes islanded control of VSC. The VSC control transition is achieved seamlessly without any significant disturbance at the point of common coupling. The hardware test results demonstrate that the present system remains stable during dynamic conditions and performs adequately as per the IEEE 519-2014 standard.
Y. Singh, Bhim Singh, S. Mishra
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · 2022
This article aims to develop a solar- battery energy storage (BES) based system, which ensures an uninterruptable supply to loads irrespective of availability of the grid. This system comprises of a solar photovoltaic (PV) array, a BES, the grid and local residential loads. A new control is implemented such that the active power demand of residential loads, is fed from the PV array, a BES unit and the utility grid. In this system, the power control operates in different power modes, which delivers the benefits to the end users with an integration of BES and an excess of PV array power, which is sold back to the grid. For this, an effective control logic is developed for the grid tied voltage source converter. Moreover, this system deals with the issue of an integrating power quality enhancement along with the power generation from the solar PV source. The cascaded delayed signal cancellation based phase locked loop is implemented for grid synchronization during the grid voltage distortion. The developed control is easily implemented in a real time controller (dSPACE-1202). Test results validate the performance of the implemented control in different operating conditions such as varying solar power generation, load variations and unavailability of the grid.
R. Bès, G. Gas, J. Molinier et al.
Ozone: Science & Engineering · 1989
Abstract Treatment of poplar sawdust with ozone in a fixed bed reactor results in greatly enhanced susceptibility to cellulase enzyme hydrolysis. Ozone attacks lignin and hemicellulose in preference to cellulose giving water soluble products.
V. Yadav, A. Verma, Bhim Singh et al.
2020 International Conference on Power, Instrumentation, Control and Computing (PICC) · 2020
The non conventional energy generation is a cleaner alternative of greener AC microgrid. This paper presents the performance enhancement of a non conventional energy based microgrid for the seamless grid synchronization. A robust control strategy is used for wind energy conversion system (WECS) and battery energy storage (BES) based nonconventional energy system (NCES) with seamless changeover proficiency from an islanded (IL) mode to the grid-connected (GC) mode and grid reconnected (GR) mode. The NCES has a capability to feed the load both in GC and IL modes and it operates smoothly during mode shifting from IL to GC and GC to IL. The unknown disturbances and ambiguity of NCES in GC mode are taken care by multilayer harmonic decoupling network based quadrature fourth order complex filter (MHDN-QFOCF). The issues like fluctuation in power, DC offset, voltage unbalance, swell/sag produced by WECS, are successfully taken care by MHDN- QFOCF. . With the help of this algorithm, the l quadrature sinusoidal fundamental component (Q-SFC) is extracted. It improves overall system capability of power flow. To control the NCES in an IL mode, the proportional plus resonant (P+R) based control algorithm is used. A dual fourth order complex filter (DFOCF) is combining to phase locked loop (PLL) and develops DFOCF-PLL for precise and smooth synchronization and resynchronization of grid. DFOCF-PLL improves system performance without affecting the stability. During frequency variation, it effectively follows the voltages of the grid and the load and it is adjustable to different conditions of grid. Moreover, total harmonic distortions (THDs) of the load and grid parameters are in the limits of the IEEE-519 standard.
J. Bai, Y. Ban, J. Bian et al.
30 Years of BES Physics · 2020
(BES Collaboration) J. Z. Bai, Y. Ban, J. G. Bian, X. Cai, J. F. Chang, H. F. Chen, H. S. Chen, J. Chen, Jie Chen, J. C. Chen, Y. B. Chen, S. P. Chi, Y. P. Chu, X. Z. Cui, Y. M. Dai, Y. S. Dai, L. Y. Dong, S. X. Du, Z. Z. Du, W. Dunwoodie, J. Fang, S. S. Fang, C. D. Fu, H. Y. Fu, L. P. Fu, C. S. Gao, M. L. Gao, Y. N. Gao, M. Y. Gong, W. X. Gong, S. D. Gu, Y. N. Guo, Y. Q. Guo, Z. J. Guo, S. W. Han, F. A. Harris, J. He, K. L. He, M. He, X. He, Y. K. Heng, T. Hong, H. M. Hu, T. Hu, G. S. Huang, L. Huang, X. P. Huang, J. M. Izen, X. B. Ji, C. H. Jiang, X. S. Jiang, D. P. Jin, S. Jin, Y. Jin, B. D. Jones, Z. J. Ke, D. Kong, Y. F. Lai, F. Li, G. Li, H. H. Li, J. Li, J. C. Li, K. Li, Q. J. Li, R. B. Li, R. Y. Li, W. Li, W. G. Li, X. Q. Li, X. S. Li, C. F. Liu, C. X. Liu, Fang Liu, F. Liu, H. M. Liu, J. B. Liu, J. P. Liu, R. G. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. A. Liu, Z. X. Liu, X. C. Lou, G. R. Lu, F. Lu, H. J. Lu, J. G. Lu, Z. J. Lu, X. L. Luo, E. C. Ma, F. C. Ma, J. M. Ma, R. Malchow, Z. P. Mao, X. C. Meng, X. H. Mo, J. Nie, Z. D. Nie, S. L. Olsen, D. Paluselli, H. P. Peng, N. D. Qi, C. D. Qian, J. F. Qiu, G. Rong, D. L. Shen, H. Shen, X. Y. Shen, H. Y. Sheng, F. Shi, L. W. Song, H. S. Sun, S. S. Sun, Y. Z. Sun, Z. J. Sun, S. Q. Tang, X. Tang, D. Tian, Y. R. Tian, W. Toki, G. L. Tong, G. S. Varner, J. Wang, J. Z. Wang, L. Wang, L. S. Wang, M. Wang, Meng Wang, P. Wang, P. L. Wang, W. F. Wang, Y. F. Wang, Zhe Wang, Z. Wang, Zheng Wang, Z. Y. Wang, C. L. Wei, N. Wu, X. M. Xia, X. X. Xie, G. F. Xu, Y. Xu, S. T. Xue, M. L. Yan, W. B. Yan, G. A. Yang, H. X. Yang, J. Yang, S. D. Yang, M. H. Ye, Y. X. Ye, J. Ying, C. S. Yu, G. W. Yu, C. Z. Yuan, J. M. Yuan, Y. Yuan, Q. Yue, S. L. Zang, Y. Zeng, B. X. Zhang, B. Y. Zhang, C. C. Zhang, D. H. Zhang, H. Y. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. M. Zhang, J. W. Zhang, L. S. Zhang, Q. J. Zhang, S. Q. Zhang, X. Y. Zhang, Y. J. Zhang, Yiyun Zhang, Y. Y. Zhang, Z. P. Zhang, D. X. Zhao, Jiawei Zhao, J. W. Zhao, P. P. Zhao, W. R. Zhao, Y. B. Zhao, Z. G. Zhao, J. P. Zheng, L. S. Zheng, Z. P. Zheng, X. C. Zhong, B. Q. Zhou, G. M. Zhou, L. Zhou, N. F. Zhou, K. J. Zhu, Q. M. Zhu, Yingchun Zhu, Y. C. Zhu, Y. S. Zhu, Z. A. Zhu, B. A. Zhuang, B. S. Zou. 1 Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China 2 China Center of Advanced Science and Technology, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China 3 Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 4 Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453002, People’s Republic of China 5 Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China 6 Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China 7 Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People’s Republic of China 8 Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China 9 Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China 10 Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China 11 Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, People’s Republic of China 12 Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China 13 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, California 94309 14 Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China 15 University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 16 University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China 17 University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083-0688 18 Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China 19 Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, People’s Republic of China ∗ Visiting professor at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (March 7, 2003)
Gaurav Modi, Bhim Singh
2021 IEEE 6th International Conference on Computing, Communication and Automation (ICCCA) · 2021
In this work, a control algorithm is implemented for power quality enhancement in the grid-interactive micro grid, operating with nonlinear/unbalanced loads. The microgrid consists of the solar photovoltaic array (SPVA) and battery energy storage (BES), and a synchronous reluctance generator (SyRG) based wind energy system (WES). Both energy sources interact with the AC grid at PCC through a single voltage source converter (VSC) and the back-to-back VSCs, respectively. This work implements the improved multi-layer generalized integrator (GI)- quadrature signal generator (QSG) to separate the positive and negative sequence components (PNSC) for the sensed load currents fundamental component (FC) and the harmonics components (HC). These estimated components are practiced to control the grid side VSC's currents for both the energy sources to eliminate the harmonics and negative sequence currents from the injected grid currents and adhere to the IEEE std 519 at the PCC. Moreover, the SPVA-BES system currents are controlled so that no negative sequence currents flow in its VSC, eliminating the requirement of an additional converter to protect the BES from the second harmonic current. The same algorithm is exercised to evaluate the PNSC for the AC grid voltages and in the sensorless field-oriented control (FOC) of the SyRG in the WECS. Further, in the FOC, the SyRG direct axis current is controlled to minimize the winding losses to acquire maximum efficiency. Performance of the control algorithm is corroborated on a microgrid model, developed using MATLAB /Simulink and subjected to the nonlinear/unbalanced loads, varied solar insolation, and wind speed conditions.
M. Hariprabhu, M. Sarankumar, S. Sharansharvesh et al.
2023 5th International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive Technology (ICSSIT) · 2023
This paper presents an innovative concept of photovoltaic system which includes the voltage quality issue that is rectified by active power filter. This method is useful for electric vehicle charging by using boost converter. The concepts like performance analysis of battery, increasing the efficiency of a non-linear loads and improving the power quality by using the boost converter algorithm is proposed. A Constant charging is required for EV charging which is achieved by the combination of solar PV array, Lithium Ferro Phosphate battery as battery energy storage (BES) and boost converter. By using Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), the effective battery charging is executed. The threephase pulse width modulation inverter helps in maintaining the power quality enhancement and also used to charge the electric vehicle in AC supply. This work is carried out by the matlab Simulink. And also, with the execution of THD analysis, the harmonic distortion is reduced.
C. Shen, Abel Noble, J. Paquet et al.
Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Hard and Elecctromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions — PoS(HardProbes2023) · 2023
Heavy-ion collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} \sim 10$ GeV probe the QCD phase diagram at large baryon densities. Because the longitudinal Lorentz contraction is small at these collision energies, understanding the dynamics during the early phase of the collision is essential for the subsequent modeling of the system evolution and for constraining the QGP transport properties at finite baryon densities. Direct photons provide undistorted information on early-stage dynamics. We model relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC Beam Energy Scan energies with a hybrid dynamical approach consisting of a 3D-Glauber initial state followed by viscous hydrodynamics and hadronic transport (MUSIC + UrQMD). The implemented thermal photon emission takes into account the enhancement from finite baryon chemical potentials. We show that direct photon spectra and their anisotropic flow coefficients have a strong sensitivity to the early stage of heavy-ion collisions. Thus, they provide constraints on QGP dynamics complementary to those obtained from hadronic observables.
Subhadip Chakraborty, Gaurav Modi, Bhim Singh et al.
2023 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Smart Grid, and Renewable Energy (PESGRE) · 2023
With the reduced response time and power levelling feature of the battery energy storage (BES), it supports the power variability experienced by the grid during variability of renewable sources and load fluctuations. Moreover, the increased distortion factor of load currents contaminates the grid currents by degrading the overall system power quality and increased system losses. Therefore, there is a need for proper energy management solutions with improved converter control to regulate the BES power as well as to improve the system power quality. Hence, this work presents a solar photovoltaic array (SPVA) with a battery energy storage (BES) based grid tied microgrid. To control the microgrid, a comb filter derived mixed second-third order generalized integrator with normalized frequency locked loop (Comb-MSTOGI-NFLL) based control is deployed into SPVA converter to achieve power quality enhancement features by elimination of dominant harmonic components and DC offset from the grid currents. The control technique also involves power levelling features, with support from BES, without using an additional converter for BES. The system response with proposed control is demonstrated through simulation results.
Subhadip Chakraborty, Gaurav Modi, Bhim Singh
IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery · 2023
The local nonlinear loads impact performance of a microgrid (MG), as they degrade the system power quality (PQ). This degradation is more in a diesel generator (DG) based standalone MG than grid-connected MG. Therefore, this article introduces an enhanced adaptive multilayer complex coefficient filter (EAMCCF) control for PQ enhancement of a MG comprising a solar photovoltaic (SPV) array, battery energy storage (BES) with a synchronous reluctance type DG (SyRG). The EAMCCF removes dominant third, fifth, seventh harmonics during unbalanced/distorted load and eliminates DC offset without compromising the dynamic response. The control runs the DG set in its fuel economic zone (FEZ). EAMCCF performance is compared with existing controls like multilayer second-order generalized integrator (MSOGI), CCF, and its modified version. MG performance with EAMCCF control is verified experimentally at its steady state and during situations like varying solar irradiance and load unbalance.
Ch. Naga Sai Kalyan, Anuradha Devi Tellapati, Thalanki Venkata Sai Kalyani et al.
2024 International Conference on Distributed Computing and Optimization Techniques (ICDCOT) · 2024
This paper develops the tilt-integral-derivative (TID) plus filter (F) based on the fruit fly optimization (FFO) algorithm for the stability of the interconnected power system (IPS). The dynamic behavior of considered IPS is analyzed by laying the step load disturbance (SLD) of 10% in area-1 under the FFO-based TIDF controller. However, the efficacy of TIDF is revealed with other available controller performances in the literature. Moreover, the time delays (TDs) are believed with the IPS network to conduct the dynamic analysis near to practicality, and their significance on the system performance is revealed. Further, the system is integrated with the supplementary control mechanism of battery energy storage (BES) and static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) for performance enhancement. Simulation results reveal the improvement in system dynamic behavior with the implementation of the BES-SSSC strategy as a supplementary controller.
Syed Bilal Qaiser Naqvi, Bhim Singh
2020 International Conference on Power, Instrumentation, Control and Computing (PICC) · 2020
This work presents a grid interactive photovoltaic (PV) array generation unit, with the PV array (PVA) supplying the power directly at the DC link. The PVA power is maximized by keeping the DC link voltage at the maximum power point of the PVA. The system considers light single phase loads, as well as three phase loads, used in the distribution network, to be the local loads. During grid fault, the control detects the anomaly on the grid side. The system is decoupled and isolated from the utility, and the local loads are energized in an islanded mode. In case PVA power is insufficient, the integrated battery energy system (BES) is utilized. Thus, optimum PVA power utilization and robust supply to the local loads, is realized. After fault clearing, the on-line resynchronization of the system takes place, without disturbance to the local loads. The effect of various dynamic scenarios on the system is minimized, by the fast and continuous estimation of the load current weights, and the rapid update of grid currents, in the event of changing PVA power. Moreover, the grid power quality enhancement is realized by the implemented control strategy.
Amirullah Amirullah, Adiananda Adiananda, O. Penangsang et al.
International Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Systems · 2020
This paper presents enhancement of load active power transfer using Unified Power Quality ConditionerPhotovoltaic-Battery Energy Storage (UPQC-PV-BES) system. This system is connected to a three phase three wire (3P3W) system with a voltage of 380 V (line to line) and 50 hertz. The proposed model is also compared with UPQC and UPQC-PV respectively. The parameters investigated are load voltage, load current, load active power, and efficiency. BES functions to save excess energy generated by PV, distribute it to the load, avoid interruption voltage, and regulate the charging process and energy utilization. The fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is proposed and compared with proportional integral (PI) method to control DC voltage variable and input DC reference voltage, to produce a reference current source on hysteresis current controller on shunt active filter in 12 disturbance scenarios (scns). In Scenario (Scn) 1 to 5, the 3P3W system uses three combinations of UPQC with PI controller and FLC, still keeps load voltage and load current above 300 V and 8 A. Whereas in Scn 6, only the UPQC-PV-BES with FLC is able to maintain load voltage and load current higher compared to UPQC and UPQC-PV combinations as 304.1 V and 8.421 A, respectively. In Scn 1 to 5, the 3P3W system uses three combinations of UPQC with PI controller and FLC, capable of producing load active power above 3600 W. Whereas in Scn 6, only a combination of UPQC-PV-BES with PI controller and FLC is able to produce a load voltage of 3720 W and 3700 W, respectively. In Scn 1 to 6, UPQC-PV-BES results in lower efficiency compared to using UPQC and UPQC-PV. However, in Scn 6, UPQC-PVBES with FLC is able to produce load voltage, load current, and load active power higher than UPQC-PV and UPQC. Thus, the UPQC-PV-BES model using FLC is able to compensate load voltage and load current, as well as to enhance load active power, especially for an interruption on source bus. This research is simulated using Matlab/Simulink.
Subhadip Chakraborty, Gaurav Modi, Bhim Singh et al.
IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications · 2025
Variability of power generated by renewable energy sources and load power fluctuations reflect as grid power ramps. These power ramps monitored at point of common coupling (PCC) of individual microgrids may lead to penalties imposed by grid operator for violating grid power ramp rates specified by the IEEE std. 1547-2018. Since grid is dominated by alternators having high mechanical time constant, it imposes power ramp limit to utility grid, violating which, may lead to grid instability issues. During daytime, high solar generation leads to a rapid reduction in grid side demand curve resembling a duck shaped curve. Evening peak load situation results into a sudden ramp in grid demand curve. Variability in generation and demand lead to rapid grid power ramps. Therefore, in this work, a battery interfaced to a solar photovoltaic (SPV) array-based grid connected microgrid. Novel contributions of this work include power coordination maintaining grid side ramp rate within standard limits, prevention of duck curve formation and providing peak load shaving features using battery satisfying its constraints. These enhancements are embedded within solar inverter control without any additional cost of power electronics. Distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) features are incorporated into the control for load harmonic, DC offset and reactive current compensation. A novel third order generalized integrator with frequency locked loop (NTOGI-FLL) control is used with improved filtering ability, DC rejection, low computational burden, and improved dynamics, comparable to advanced filters, for rapid and accurate actuation. System operation is validated through simulation and hardware results.
Subhadip Chakraborty, Gaurav Modi, Bhim Singh
2022 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) · 2022
This paper focuses on the power quality improvement of a diesel generator (DG) in a standalone microgrid, in presence of local nonlinear loads that draw nonlinear currents. A standalone system comprising of a dual-stage solar photovoltaic (SPV) array, battery energy storage (BES) interfaced with a bidirectional converter (BDC), and a synchronous reluctance DG set is considered in this work. An improved mixed fifth-order generalized integrator (IMFOGI) based control algorithm is presented for control of the voltage source converter (VSC) of the SPV array. The IMFOGI control has enhanced filtering ability and it eliminates the dominant harmonic components and DC offsets from the load currents and point of common coupling (PCC) voltages and makes the DG set currents and voltages sinusoidal, even in the presence of nonlinear three-phase and single-phase loads. To extract maximum power from the SPV array, it is controlled by the incremental conductance (INC) algorithm. The DG set is run in the fuel economy zone (FEZ) for maximum fuel efficiency. The system performance with the presented IMFOGI control is analyzed in steady-state and dynamic conditions, in both simulation and hardware, using a Simulink model and experimental setup of the system prototype, respectively.
Yu Pan, Xinyu Da, Hang Hu et al.
IET Communications · 2020
: Mobile edge computing (MEC) has been envisaged as a promising technique in fifth generation (5G) and beyond wireless networks. In order to alleviate the explosive growth of computation and spectrum demand, cognitive radio (CR) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are studied in MEC-aware networks. In this study, considering a local computation and partial offloading scheme, a UAV-enabled CR-MEC framework is proposed and the authors' aim is to maximise the energy efficiency (EE) of the wireless devices (WDs). The formulated optimisation problem is not convex and challenging to be solved. To deal with it, an equivalent reformulation of this EE maximisation problem is introduced, and the authors decompose the original problem into two sub-problems, wherein the sub-problems become tractable and can be solved by jointly optimising sensing time, offloading power and WD-UAV scheduling. Numerical results highlight the EE enhancement with various system parameters and reveal the superiority of the proposed algorithm than other schemes with low computational complexity.
Runfa Liao, H. Wen, Jinsong Wu et al.
IEEE Access · 2019
In this paper, we investigate the security threats in mobile edge computing (MEC) of Internet of things, and propose a deep-learning (DL)-based physical (PHY) layer authentication scheme which exploits channel state information (CSI) to enhance the security of MEC system via detecting spoofing attacks in wireless networks. Moreover, three gradient descent algorithms are adopted to accelerate the training of deep neural networks, which enables smaller computation overheads and lower energy consumptions. In addition, the maximum likelihood function of multi-user authentication method is derived, which explains why cross entropy is chosen as the loss function. The vectorization cost function is also derived. The mini batch scheme and $\ell _{2}$ regularization are adopted to improve training accuracy and avoid over-fitting, respectively. Moreover, the simulation and experimental results show that the DL-based PHY-layer authentication approaches can distinguish multiple legitimate edge nodes from malicious nodes and attacker by CSIs, effectively. Our proposed method supports a better performance compared with the traditional hypothesis test based method.
Ehsan Farmahini Farahani, Mohammad Amin Jalali Kondelaji, M. Mirsalim
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics · 2020
In this article, a novel exterior-rotor multiple teeth enhanced-torque switched reluctance motor (SRM) is proposed, which exploits permanent magnets (PMs) inside the end teeth of the neighboring stator poles. First, the topology of the proposed motor, namely PM-SRM, is introduced and its working principle is illustrated. Then, based on the magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) of the motor, it is proven that the PMs contribute to increase the air-gap flux density and regulate the stator poles flux density. As a result, the output torque of the motor is increased as well. The electromagnetic analyses of the proposed PM-SRM are performed using 3-D finite-element analysis. To validate the improved performance of the proposed PM-SRM, it is compared with its PMless counterpart and a classical 12/10-pole SRM in terms of the output torque and power, losses, and efficiency. It is shown that the proposed motor outperforms the two compared motors in terms of the output power and torque, and efficiency. Finally, a prototype of the motor is fabricated and tested to evaluate the predicted results. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate the high torque and power production capability of the proposed PM-SRM.
Yu Xu, Tiankui Zhang, Yuanwei Liu et al.
IEEE Internet of Things Journal · 2022
Mobile-edge computing (MEC) networks are facing limited coverage and harsh wireless transmission environments that severely hinder the computation capacity of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. To overcome these issues, this article proposes a novel MEC framework empowered by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relay and a reconfigurable intelligence surface (RIS). To fully exploit the potentials in terms of computation enhancement brought by the joint UAV and RIS design, we formulate a max–min computation capacity problem via determining the uplink signal detection, active beamforming of UAV, passive beamforming of RIS, time slot partition, computation bits of UAV, and UAV’s trajectory. We develop a concave–convex procedure (CCCP)-based algorithm in an alternating optimization manner over three subproblems to solve the formulated problem. It finds that the CCCP-based algorithm is conducive to decouple the intractable expressions by converting them into new but tractable second-order cone (SOC) constrains. To evaluate the performance of the proposed CCCP-based algorithm, we later design a direct algorithm by exploiting the implicit convexity of the problem. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed CCCP-based algorithm derives a comparable performance as the direct algorithm, and achieves about 2.57-Mb max-min computation capacity higher compared with the straight flight case, and 8.08-Mb max–min computation capacity higher compared with the case without RIS, which validate the superiority of the joint UAV and RIS design for computation enhancement.
E. Cebrián-Sastre, A. Chiner-Oms, R. Torres-Pérez et al.
Microbiology Spectrum · 2023
Rifampicin is the most important first-line antibiotic against mycobacterial infections, including tuberculosis, one of the top causes of death worldwide. Acquisition of rifampicin resistance constitutes a major global public health problem that makes the control of the disease challenging.
A. Reshetchenko, V. Iurchenko, N. Kurakova et al.
Municipal economy of cities · 2023
In order to implement the state environmental policy and ensure environmental safety, a number of normative legal acts, laws and state standards have been implemented on the territory of Ukraine. Special attention was paid to the State Targeted Environmental Program for the Management of Radioactive Waste, the main principle of which is the implementation of the protection of the population and the natural environment in order to create safe conditions for the existence of current and future generations and ensure sustainable development. The article highlights the results of research and development works on the development and certification of a set of packaging type IR-2 for the transportation and temporary storage of low- and medium-level solid radioactive waste KTTZ-NS-1-02.00.00, as a key element of environmental protection technologies during handling with radioactive waste. The urgent task of handling radioactive waste, which is caused by the accumulation of a significant amount of sludge in the territories of the oil and gas production complex enterprises and requires temporary storage and transportation, has been solved, as a prerequisite for increasing the efficiency of ensuring the environmental safety of the mentioned objects of formation. The technical characteristics of the packaging kit are described in detail, schematic drawings are provided, and the main parameters and dimensions of the developed packaging kit type IR-2 are provided. The scheme of the main stages of the testing of this packaging set and the certificates obtained as a result of such work, which were carried out jointly with representatives of the State Inspection of Nuclear Regulation, are presented. The developed packaging set significantly exceeds the performance of the packaging set currently used in temporary storage facilities. Keywords: environmental safety, technogenically enhanced radioactive waste, protection technologies, containers, low- and medium-level waste.
Hong Liu, Peiwen Li
ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology · 2013
The dimensions of gas flow channels and walls/ribs of PEM fuel cells are optimized using a convenient mathematical model. Experimental work for several PEM fuel cells with modeling-optimized gas flow channels was conducted, and the tested results validate the modeling work and the optimization. The model considered average mass transfer and species’ concentrations in flow channels, which allows the determination of an average concentration polarization, the humidity in anode and cathode gas channels, and thus the proton conductivity of membranes, as well as the activation polarization. An electrical circuit for the current and ion conduction is applied to analyze the ohmic losses from anode current collector to cathode current collector. The modeling computation required relatively less computational time and thus can be applied to compute a large number of cases with various flow channel designs and operating parameters for optimization analysis. Optimum ratio of the width of flow channels against the walls/ribs was found from the modeling analysis. In the experimental work, PEM fuel cells were fabricated based on the flow channel dimensions optimized from the modeling analysis. Experimental results agreed with the modeling analysis satisfactorily in respect to the comparison of V-I performance between fuel cells with several optimized designs. The model is recommended as a tool for optimization design of gas flow channels for PEM fuel cells. The optimization results are of significance to the improvement of PEM fuel cell designs and performance.
Χρυσοβαλάντου Ζιώγου
· 2013
Τα συστήματα κυψελών καυσίμου (ΚΚ) έχουν προσελκύσει το ενδιαφέρον τόσο της βιομηχανικής όσο και της βασικής έρευνας τα τελευταία χρόνια, καθώς αποτελούν μέρος μιας φιλικής προς το περιβάλλον τεχνολογίας για την παραγωγή ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας. Κατά τη διάρκεια της λειτουργίας των ΚΚ εξελίσσονται διάφορα φαινόμενα και η συμπεριφορά τους επηρεάζεται από ένα πλήθος μεταβλητών που σχετίζονται με την θερμοκρασία, τις μερικές πιέσεις των αερίων, τη χρησιμοποίηση των αντιδρώντων και την υγρασία. Σε αυτά τα πλαίσια η ανάπτυξη κατάλληλων μεθόδων ελέγχου κρίνεται επιτακτική καθώς είναι σημαντικό το σύστημα ΚΚ να καθοδηγείται στην κατάλληλη περιοχή λειτουργίας ώστε να επιτυγχάνεται η βέλτιστη απόδοση και να διασφαλίζεται η εύρυθμη λειτουργία του ενώ ταυτόχρονα να διασφαλίζεται η μακροβιότητα του. Η παρούσα διατριβή έχει διττό αντικείμενο ενασχόλησης. Το πρώτο αφορά στην αντιμετώπιση θεμάτων διαχείρισης ενός ολοκληρωμένου συστήματος ΚΚ μέσω της μοντελοποίησης και της βέλτιστης λειτουργίας του. Ενώ το δεύτερο σχετίζεται με την ανάλυση, διερεύνηση και ανάπτυξη μεθόδων προηγμένης ρύθμισης που βασίζονται σε μαθηματικά μοντέλα χρησιμοποιώντας αλγόριθμους προρρητικού ή προβλεπτικού ελέγχου (model predictive control - MPC). Σε αυτό το πλαίσιο το σύστημα ΚΚ αποτελεί το πεδίο πειραματικής εφαρμογής, επιβεβαίωσης και αποτίμησης των αναλυόμενων και προτεινόμενων μεθόδων. Αρχικά αναπτύσσεται ένα μαθηματικό μη-γραμμικό δυναμικό μοντέλο για συστήματα ΚΚ τύπου πολυμερικής μεμβράνης (Polymer Electrolyte Membrane - ΡΕΜ) το οποίο αποτελείται από ένα σύνολο διαφορικών και αλγεβρικών εξισώσεων (ΔΑΕ) που περιγράφουν τα βασικά ισοζύγια μάζας και ενέργειας καθώς και την ηλεκτροχημική συμπεριφορά του συστήματος. Σε αυτές τις εξισώσεις εμφανίζονται κάποιες εμπειρικές παράμετροι, οι βέλτιστες τιμές των οποίων προσδιορίζονται από μια γενικευμένη συστηματική μεθοδολογία εκτίμησης. Ο στόχος της μεθοδολογίας αυτής είναι να προσδώσει πειραματικά επιβεβαιωμένη εγκυρότητα στο μοντέλο που λαμβάνει υπόψη τις αλληλεπιδράσεις των υποσυστημάτων που επηρεάζουν την ΚΚ. Στη συνέχεια παρατίθεται μια εμπεριστατωμένη ανάλυση μεθόδων προηγμένης ρύθμισης που αποτελούν μια ανερχόμενη στρατηγική καθώς μπορούν να αντιμετωπίσουν ταυτόχρονα μη-γραμμικά συστήματα, πολλαπλά κριτήρια βελτιστοποίησης υπό περιορισμούς και να οδηγήσουν το σύστημα στην επιθυμητή κατάσταση μέσω της βέλτιστης λήψης αποφάσεων. Η μελέτη εστιάζει σε δύο μεθόδους προρρητικού ελέγχου, το μη-γραμμικό MPC (NMPC) και το πολυπαραμετρικό MPC (mpMPC). Η πρώτη βασίζεται στην online επίλυση ενός δυναμικού προβλήματος βελτιστοποίησης μη-γραμμικού προγραμματισμού (Nonlinear Programming - NLP), ενώ η δεύτερη βασίζεται στην offline επίλυση ενός προβλήματος πολυπαραμετρικού τετραγωνικού προγραμματισμού (multi-parametric Quadratic Programming - mpQP). Τέλος προτείνεται μία νέα μέθοδος που συνδυάζει τα πλεονεκτήματα των δύο προηγούμενων (mpMPC, NMPC) τροποποιώντας κατάλληλα τον χώρο αναζήτησης των μεταβλητών μέσω της δυναμικής προσαρμογής του, σε ένα υποσύνολο του εφικτού με βάση την πολυεδρική καταμέρισή του. Η συνέργεια αυτή συμβάλει καταλυτικά στην βελτίωση της απόδοσης του βελτιστοποιητή που χρησιμοποιείται για την online επίλυση ενός NLP προβλήματος καιαποτελεί νευραλγική συνιστώσα του προρρητικού ελέγχου. Ακολουθεί η σχεδίαση και ανάπτυξη ενός ολοκληρωμένου πλαισίου ελέγχου το οποίο ενσωματώνει ένα πλήθος πολυμεταβλητών ελεγκτών που βασίζονται στις μεθόδους προηγμένης ρύθμισης που σχεδιάζονται για το πειραματικό σύστημα ΚΚ. Επιπρόσθετα παρουσιάζεται η αρχιτεκτονική του βιομηχανικού συστήματος εποπτικού ελέγχου και της διεπαφής που επιτρέπει τη διασύνδεση των αλγόριθμων προηγμένης ρύθμισης με το σύστημα αυτοματισμού. Το πακέτο λογισμικού που σχεδιάστηκε και αναπτύχθηκε, αναλαμβάνει τη διασύνδεση και το συγχρονισμό της επικοινωνίας μεταξύ των ελεγκτών τύπου MPC και του εποπτικού συστήματος της μονάδας, καθιστώντας με αυτό τον τρόπο εφικτή τη μετάβαση από την θεωρητική μελέτη στην πρακτική εφαρμογή των στρατηγικών προρρητικού ελέγχου. Η μελέτη της απόκρισης των ελεγκτών και της συμπεριφοράς της μονάδας αναλύεται μέσα από ένα πλήθος πειραμάτων (σε επίπεδο προσομοίωσης και online), που παρουσιάζουν τα χαρακτηριστικά της κάθε μεθόδου σε σχέση με τους επιδιωκόμενους στόχους βέλτιστης λειτουργίας που τίθενται για το σύστημα. Για το σκοπό αυτό η μελέτη καλύπτει ένα μεγάλο εύρος λειτουργικών συνθηκών, την ύπαρξη διαταραχών και την έναρξη της λειτουργίας της μονάδας.
Tuba Artan Onat, Özge Çetin
Environmental Research and Technology · 2020
The pollution is a result of drastically rising fossil fuel usage due to increased global population and industrialization. Today’s world needs to replace fossil fuels with new and renewable energy sources. Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are devices that convert the chemical energy to direct electricity by microbial metabolic activity. Microbial growth was actualized at the anodic chamber of MFC and must be controlled carefully by microbial methods. The main aim of this study is optimizing the growth parameters of microorganisms in two-chambered MFC with optical density, dried and wet weight of microorganisms that were grown at the anode chamber of MFC. Moreover, the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) values of medium were determined at fed cycles of MFC. The total volume of MFC was 0.7 L and the connection was made with the salt bridge between anode and cathode compartments. The anode chamber was used for bacterial growth that was taken from Akkaya Dam slime, was fed with molasses medium at 5 days intervals. The OD values were determined with a spectrophotometer at 600 nm, COD values were determined with the standard method and wet-dry weight also determined as a function of the incubation period.
Saleema A. Karim, Hsueh-Fen Chen
The Journal of Rural Health · 2020
PURPOSE The United States has experienced a surge of COVID-19 cases and deaths. Regardless of the overall increase in the prevalence and mortality, there are disagreements about the consequences of exposure and contracting COVID-19, specifically in rural areas. Rural areas have inherent characteristics that increase their vulnerability to contracting COVID-19. The objective of this study was to investigate the differences in death rates from COVID-19 between urban and rural areas in the United States. METHODS This study used county-level data. The data set consisted of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths along with county-level demographics. The sample consisted of all counties in the 50 US states and DC. Counties were designated as metropolitan, micropolitan, and rural. A zero-inflated negative binomial regression was used to estimate county-level number of deaths conditional on contracting COVID-19. The study focused on COVID-19-related mortality from February 10, 2020, to June 12, 2020. FINDINGS After controlling for county-level characteristics, the rate of COVID-19 deaths was 70.3% (P < .001) for rural counties and 53.4% (P < .001) for micropolitan counties, both significantly lower than metropolitan counties during the study time period. CONCLUSION Over time, rural geography and social isolation may not provide sustainable protection to rural residents from the pandemic. The slow progression provides rural areas additional time and opportunity to learn from the experiences in urban areas that were most affected. Rural areas need to be proactive and develop prevention strategies and response plans to manage and control the spread of COVID-19.
Lisa Cacari Stone, Mary C. Roary, A. Diana et al.
The Journal of Rural Health · 2021
Abstract Purpose In an era of the COVID‐19 pandemic, improving health outcomes for diverse rural communities requires collective and sustained actions across transdisciplinary researchers, intersectoral partners, multilevel government action, and authentic engagement with those who carry the burden—rural communities. Methods Drawing from an analysis of transcriptions and documents from a national workshop on the “State of Rural Health Disparities: Research Gaps and Recommendations,” this brief report underscores the gaps and priorities for future strategies for tackling persistent rural health inequities. Findings Four overarching recommendations were provided by national thought leaders in rural health: (1) create mechanisms to allow the rural research community time to build sustainable community‐based participatory relationships; (2) support innovative research designs and approaches relevant to rural settings; (3) sustain effective interventions relevant to unique challenges in rural areas; and (4) recognize and identify the diversity within and across rural populations and adapt culturally and language‐appropriate approaches. Conclusion The COVID‐19 public health crisis has exacerbated disparities for rural communities and underscored the need for diverse community‐centered approaches in health research and dedicated funding to rural service agencies and populations.
A. Dhesi
· 2018
Stakeholders and involved parties are crucial in a proper management of forest areas, more so in nature park areas. Urban nature areas and more remote peri-urban areas have objectively the most complex management issues due to the potentially high density of visitors and a diverse range of stakeholders. Such areas can also be valuable nature conservation and biodiversity hotspots, further making stakeholder interactions more complex. In this research, we conduct stakeholder identification for two case study areas – an urban forest nature park and a peri-urban forest nature park, with the aim of developing detailed lists of involved parties, including both public and private entities. We identified three main blocks of stakeholders (regulatory, usage, management), and detailed each group and sub-group for the case study areas. Our main results and conclusions include the identification of minor differences particularly explained by geographical and socio-economic contexts for each of the areas, with the regulatory stakeholder group overlapping the most between the two areas. The potential use of such analysis can improve or develop cooperation between previously unobserved stakeholders, and in research contexts, allow for a greater input from various parties that could have been missed in a more broader analysis of a research area.
Sathya V, Swarnatharani C, Indumathi S J et al.
2025 International Conference on Computing and Communication Technologies (ICCCT) · 2025
The Integrated Multi-Phase Energy Harvesting System for urban sewer networks captures renewable energy through a three-stage process. First, Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) generate electricity by utilizing microbial digestion of organic matter in wastewater. Next, hydroelectric turbines harness kinetic energy from wastewater flow, even at low rates. Finally, piezoelectric materials convert mechanical stress from pressure variations into electrical power. IoT-enabled smart sensors monitor flow rates and energy production in real-time, while predictive analytics optimize performance by forecasting high-flow events. A centralized battery system, supported by supercapacitors for rapid discharge, manages energy storage. Innovations like debris-resistant turbines and corrosion-resistant materials address operational challenges. This scalable system enhances urban energy recovery, reduces reliance on external power, and aligns with smart city sustainability goals.
R. Premkumar, L. Vijayaraja, R. Dhanasekar et al.
2022 3rd International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems (ICESC) · 2022
Every year, one-third of the food produced in the world, approximately 1.3 billion tons for human consumption is being wasted. Nowadays, tons and tons of foods have been wasted not only by the domestic kitchens but also by the emerging hotel industries. Many new technologies developed to overcome the energy crisis and environmental pollution, but ended up in creating wastages. To get over this problem, energy obtained from renewable resources is the need of the hour. The proposed model mainly deals with the conversion of decomposed food waste into electricity. Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC) are bioreactors that convert chemical energy present in the organic waste into electrical energy through the catalytic reaction of the microorganism which are internally present in the food waste. The efficiency of the MFC mainly depends on the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and the amount of organic matter. The maximum amount of energy obtained is mainly based on the amount of waste in the bioreactor. The significant advantage of the proposed model is "zero waste", as the remaining sludges can be used for fertilizers.
Rachel Armstrong
Journal of Chinese Architecture and Urbanism · 2023
This paper examines the applications of microbial technologies in regenerative architecture, which enliven the built environment and its territories by establishing a different relationship between waste, energy, human inhabitation, and microbial “life.” The specific platform discussed is centered on the microbial fuel cell (an ecologically “just” platform that provides bioelectrical energy, data, and chemical transformation from human waste streams), which are exemplified by a range of demonstrators that establish transactional systems between humans and microbes. These simultaneously “sustainable” and “smart” demonstrators establish operational principles for the wider deployment and uptake of microbial technologies in an urban context. The city-scale implementations of these regenerative systems have the potential to establish the foundations for “living cities,” which are fundamentally bioremediating, resulting in an overall increase in liveliness of our habitats and living spaces.
Smruti Kanwate, V. Tale
Indian Journal of Applied Microbiology · 2018
: Microbial fuel cell (MFCs) uses bacteria to convert organic waste material or chemical energy into electrical energy. These technologies represent various multi-disciplinary approaches for alternate source of energy. By the use of bacteria MFCs turn the energy stored in chemical bonds into the electric current that can use without the need for combustion. The basic working principle of MFCs is based on tenets microbial physiology which is coupled with electrochemistry. The structural design of MFCs consists of components such as cathode, electrolyte, and anode. Electricigens such as Geobacter species are able to oxidize organic matter to CO ₂ . By the use of MFCs electricity is generated by treating urban waste water. MFCs have various practical applications such as waste water treatment, hydrogen production, bioremediation, environmental biosensors etc.