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A trickling-bed biocathode microbial electrochemical system (TB-MES) integrating biotrickling filters with biocathode MES was developed for simultaneous nitrogen removal and power generation from domestic wastewater. The system achieved 84.6% ammonium nitrogen removal, 70.1% total nitrogen removal, and 3.2 W/m³ maximum power density at optimal catholyte recirculation rate of 200 mL/min, while eliminating energy-intensive aeration. Microbial community analysis revealed spatial stratification of nitrifiers (Nitrosomonas, upper) and denitrifiers (Azoarcus, lower) driven by dissolved oxygen gradients.

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Abstract

Biocathode microbial electrochemical systems (MESs) that remove nitrogen compounds out of wastewater are of special interest for practice. High energy-input for aeration is one of the barriers that hinder their application on a wider scope. A trickling-bed biocathode MES (TB-MES) was developed by integrating biotrickling filters with a biocathode MES. By recirculating the catholyte and sprinkling it through a spray nozzle, the system was able to achieve a reoxygenation process, which could facilitate the creation of an aerobic and anoxic environment. At an optimal recirculation rate of 200 mL min⁻¹, the TB-MES removed 87.2 ± 2.7% of ammonium nitrogen and 79.7 ± 2.5% of total nitrogen (TN), and simultaneously achieved a maximum power density of 3.8 ± 0.3 Wm−3. Comparable performances were achieved when treating domestic wastewater, which were 84.6 ± 2.4%, 70.1 ± 4.2%, and 3.2 ± 0.2 W m⁻³ for ammonium nitrogen removal, TN removal, and maximum power density. Pyrosequencing analysis revealed Nitrosomonas was more abundant in the upper portion of the carbon fiber brush biocathode (CFBup, 20.4%) and Azoarcus was more abundant in the lower portion (CFBbottom, 12.6%), which was probably caused by the difference in dissolved oxygen concentration in different parts of the biocathode. The TB-MES shows great promise for domestic wastewater treatment by employing biotrickling filters for oxygen supply in biocathode MES.

Keywords

WastewaterNitrosomonasPulp and paper industryAnoxic watersTrickling filterAmmonium

Identifiers

DOI
10.3390/app10092989
Journal
Applied Sciences
Year
2020