Current-driven nitrate migration out of groundwater by using a bioelectrochemical system

This study demonstrates a bioelectrochemical system (BES) designed to remove nitrate from groundwater via electromigration rather than biological reduction. The system uses multiple barriers (cation and anion exchange membranes with a concentrating chamber) to prevent intrusion of undesired ions from the anode into groundwater. Electric current was identified as the key driving force for nitrate transport, with hydroxide ions emerging as a major competitor for anion migration. Mass balance analysis confirmed nitrate removal was primarily physical migration, not biological reduction, though challenges remain regarding water consumption and pH changes.

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