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This case study investigates sustainable chlorine management at an outdoor university swimming pool in Thailand, addressing overconsumption and associated health/environmental risks. Initial residual chlorine levels of 20 mg/L far exceeded WHO (≤3 mg/L) and Thai standards (0.6–1.0 mg/L). Through systematic daily and weekly sampling over five weeks, chlorine addition was optimized to 1 kg daily (reduced from 2 kg), achieving adequate disinfection while maintaining water quality parameters within safety limits. The intervention yielded annual cost savings of $1,213.26 and reduced chemical exposure risks to workers and swimmers.

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Abstract

The general daily maintenance of outdoor swimming pools includes the addition of chlorine for disinfection. Chlorine is a potentially hazardous chemical that is harmful to users, and its excessive addition could lead to health effects in swimmers while insufficient levels may result in inadequate disinfection. This study aimed to optimize chlorine management at the Silpakorn University swimming pool by analyzing the physical and chemical characteristics of outdoor pool water. Initial sampling revealed an unacceptably high residual chlorine concentration of 20 mg/L, exceeding regulatory standards. To address this, a chlorine management strategy was implemented. Chlorine adjustment was conducted by measuring the residual chlorine concentration and calculating the chlorine demand. Post-intervention results indicated that residual chlorine and pH levels were successfully brought within acceptable limits. Further analysis confirmed that parameters such as hardness, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, suspended and dissolved solids, and total and fecal coliform bacteria met safety standards. Recommendations were given to the pool caretaker, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) while handling chlorine, a precise measurement of chlorine (1 kg daily), and regular filtration tank maintenance at least twice a month. Besides improving social and environmental aspects, the optimized chlorine usage resulted in an estimated annual cost saving of $1,213.26 (1 USD ≈ 36.065 THB). This study highlights the importance of sustainable chlorine management in swimming pools, offering a practical approach that can be replicated in similar facilities.

Keywords

Consumption (sociology)ChlorineFishery

Identifiers

DOI
10.32526/ennrj/23/20240181
Journal
Environment and Natural Resources Journal
Year
2025