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This study presents a ceramic soil microbial fuel cell (CSMFC) as a self-powered biosensor for early detection of eutrophication via dissolved oxygen monitoring. The sensor signal follows photosynthetic day/night cycles, with day currents of 0.18 ± 0.2 mA correlating with DO (R² = 0.85 day; R² = 0.5 night) and algal concentration (R² = 0.63). A saturated design of experiments identified temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrates, and pH as the most influential operational factors. Operating at maximum power point (Rext = 2 kΩ) improved sensor sensitivity, establishing the first MFC-based biosensor for in-field eutrophication detection.

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System
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Abstract

The increasing use of fertilisers rises the risk of eutrophication, a sudden algal bloom that seriously damage ecosystems due to critical oxygen depletion. Continuous monitoring of oxygen in environmental waters could improve the detection of eutrophication and prevent anoxic conditions. However, online and in situ dissolved oxygen sensors are yet to be implemented due to poor portability and power requirements. Here, we propose a ceramic soil microbial fuel cell as a self-powered sensor for algal growth detection via monitoring of dissolved oxygen in water. The sensor signal follows the characteristic photosynthetic cycle, with a maximum day current of 0.18 ± 0.2 mA and a minimum night current of 0.06 ± 0.34 mA, which correlates with dissolved oxygen (R² = 0.85 (day); R²= 0.5 (night)) and algal concentration (R² = 0.63). A saturated design of experiments on seven factors suggests that temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrates, and pH are the most influential operational factors in the voltage output. Moreover, operating the system at maximum power point (Rext = 2 kΩ) improves the sensor sensitivity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first proposed MFC-based biosensor for in-field, early detection of eutrophic events.

Keywords

EutrophicationAnoxic watersMicrobial fuel cellAlgal bloomOxygenEcosystem

Identifiers

DOI
10.3390/iecb2020-07039
Journal
The 1st International Electronic Conference on Biosensors
Year
2020