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An autonomous flyback converter was designed for energy harvesting from Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) with a maximum efficiency of 71.2%.

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Reported parameters

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Coulombic efficiency71.2%

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What they did

System
MFC
Substrate
pure compound

What worked

No outcome metrics extracted yet.

Abstract

Cover letter An autonomous flyback converter was designed for energy harvesting from Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs). The circuit was optimized to minimize the losses and maximize the efficiency. A Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm was implanted in the converter to extract the maximum power available from MFC. Discontinuous conduction mode operation of the flyback allows controlling the MPP operation by impedance matching. The flyback can start-up at low voltage, around 300 mV. The output open circuit voltage is about 20 V and the voltage at MPP is 6.4 V with a maximum efficiency of 71.2%. Abstract : Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) use bacteria as the catalysts to oxidize organic matter and generate electricity. This energy can be used to supply low power electronic systems. A power management unit between the MFCs and the load is required to adapt the voltage and control the operation. The low voltage and low power characteristics of MFCs prohibit the use of standard converter topologies since the threshold voltage of standard CMOS transistors in CMOS technology is higher than the output voltage of MFCs. A low-voltage start-up sub-circuit is required to charge a primary capacitor to supply the driver. A specific sub-circuit is also required to control the operation of MFCs for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) issues. An optimized Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM) autonomous flyback converter for energy harvesting is presented for ambient sources, like MFCs. The converter is designed, fabricated, and tested. An MPPT algorithm is integrated in the system to control the operation and to extract the maximum available power from the MFC. The converter is able of start and step-up MFC output voltage to a value higher than 3 V under load. The peak efficiency of the converter is 71.2%.

Key findings

  • The flyback converter can start-up at low voltage, around 300 mV.
  • The output open circuit voltage is about 20 V and the voltage at MPP is 6.4 V.
  • Discontinuous conduction mode operation allows controlling the MPP operation by impedance matching.

Keywords

Maximum power point trackingMicrobial fuel cellFlyback transformerFlyback converterElectrical engineeringEnergy harvesting

Identifiers

DOI
10.1515/ehs-2015-0023
Journal
Energy Harvesting and Systems
Year
2015