Discover insights from thousands of peer-reviewed papers on microbial electrochemical systems
Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2026
A cyanobacteria-based living biophotovoltaic (LBPV) system was developed by integrating Leptolyngbya sp. with conductive polymer-gold nanoparticle-modified electrodes for simultaneous green energy generation and herbicide detection. The photoanode was fabricated through the electropolymerization of dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d] pyrrole derivatives, followed by the incorporation of aniline-functionalized AuNPs to enhance electron transfer. Optimization of the polymer thickness, AuNP loading, and cyanobacterial concentration revealed 60 electropolymerization cycles and 450 mg/mL cyanobacteria as the ideal parameters for photocurrent output. The biocathode, modified with bilirubin oxidase, enabled efficient oxygen reduction, ensuring stability and reproducibility. To extend the experimental findings, deep learning architectures (LSTM, BiLSTM, and GRU) were employed to model and forecast chronoamperometric photocurrent dynamics. Among all tested configurations, the BiLSTM-SGDM model exhibited the best predictive performance with R 2 = 0.92, RMSE ≈ 48 μA, and MAE ≈ 38 μA on the test set, effectively capturing nonlinear variations and transient response behaviors of the LBPV system. The deep-learning-based predictions closely matched the experimental measurements, confirming the capability of AI-assisted models to reproduce complex photoelectrochemical kinetics. The optimized system produced stable photocurrents under visible light of ∼1 sun (1400 W/m 2 ) and maintained 56% of its initial activity after 50 days. As a biosensor, the LBPV exhibited remarkable sensitivity with detection limits of 1.12 nM for diuron and 9.70 nM for linuron. The integration of AI-based photocurrent forecasting with biohybrid photovoltaic design offers a promising framework for next-generation sustainable energy and environmental monitoring systems. Interference studies further confirmed high selectivity against common environmental contaminants. These findings underscore the potential of LBPVs as dual-function devices, combining sustainable energy harvesting with highly sensitive photoelectrochemical biosensing of phenyl urea herbicides in aquatic environments.
Journal of environmental management · 2026
In this study, the nitrogen removal enhancement mechanism of the walnut shell biochar/GO-modified electrode in microbial fuel cell denitrifying cathode was discussed through chemical tests and functional potential prediction analysis of the microbial community. The study revealed that the removal efficiency of NO 3 - -N achieved 96.40 ± 4.48%, and the total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency was 70.19 ± 13.29% in BC180, significantly outperforming the control group (CC) and other loading groups. Additionally, its average maximum voltage (124.91 ± 7.38 mV) exceeded other groups. FTIR and SEM analyses demonstrated that abundant redox-active functional groups (phenolic hydroxyl, quinone) on biochar's surface significantly enhanced electron acceptor capacity (EAC) of the cathode (932.39 μmol g -1 ) and facilitated the enrichment of microorganisms. Moreover, biochar/GO also improved the electrochemical performance of the modified electrode. High throughput sequencing analysis indicated biochar/GO modification enriched multiple denitrifying bacteria. The relative abundance of typical electroactive bacteria (Thauera, Geobacter) at anode also increased. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the relative abundance of pathways associated with electron transfer (Biosynthesis of siderophore group nonribosomal peptides, Ubiquinone, flagellar assembly) and key genes involved in the nitrogen metabolism (narG, nirS, and nod) in BC180 were both increased. These research results suggest that biochar/GO can efficiently regulate electrons to the nitrate reduction by regulating the microbial communities and the electron transfer pathways, potentially offering alternative strategies for optimizing denitrification at low-carbon nitrogen ratios.
Environmental technology · 2026
Algal microbial fuel cells (AMFCs) offer a promising platform for simultaneous wastewater treatment, renewable energy generation, and carbon capture. This study investigates the critical role of light colour (natural, red, yellow, green, blue; 4,500 Lux) in optimising AMFC performance using Chlorella -based biocathodes and biogas slurry as anodic substrate. Results demonstrate that blue light maximised contaminant removal, achieving 95.70% Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and 96.28% Ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 + -N) elimination, while red light enabled peak power density (570.86 mW·m -2 ). Electrochemical and kinetic analyses demonstrated that the blue/red spectra optimised AMFC performance by enhancing Chlorella photosynthesis. This increased the cathodic dissolved oxygen concentration, driving a reduction in internal resistance and a remarkable 55.1% (blue) and 48.5% (red) improvement in coulombic efficiency (CE) over natural light. The higher efficiency was directly linked to the enrichment of electroactive Proteobacteria (e.g. +11.89% under blue light). Concurrently, the degradation of organics was accelerated and was well-described by first-order kinetics (R 2  > 0.98). Furthermore, blue/red light intensified carbon sequestration, increasing CO 2 fixation rates to 17.99% (blue) and 19.55% (red) and elevating chlorophyll content by 30.8% (blue). Microbial community analysis confirmed light-specific shifts, with red light promoting microbial richness and blue light optimising community stability. This work establishes spectral control as a strategic tool to amplify AMFC efficacy in wastewater valorisation, energy recovery, and carbon neutrality. Future studies should explore hybrid light regimes and scalable configurations to advance practical implementation.
Journal of hazardous materials · 2026
Recovering metals from mineral-bound fractions remains a major challenge because these recalcitrant phases dominate metal-bearing wastes and render much of the metal inaccessible. We employed plant-microbial fuel cells (PMFCs) to mobilise and recover metal from such materials through a combination of mobilisation via root exudate leaching, low-power electrokinetic transport powered by the fuel cell and ultimately plant uptake. Here, we demonstrate that PMFCs can substantially enhance copper mobilisation and recovery from malachite (Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂)-spiked soils, as a model of metal-bearing mineral waste, using common reed (Phragmites australis). In soil-only systems, copper mobilisation was negligible. Application of low-power electrokinetics alone increased aqueous Cu concentrations only modestly. Plant-only systems enhanced mobilisation via root exudates. By contrast, PMFCs, combining plants with low-power electrokinetics, consistently outperformed both single processes: after two months, copper recovery by the plants reached 6.7 % of the initial load-1.8 times higher than in plant-only systems-with Cu mobilisation levels up to 20-fold greater as indicated by aqueous Cu concentration. These outcomes reveal a clear synergistic effect between root-exudate-driven lixiviation combined with the likely circuit-maintained reducing conditions and field-assisted transport, enabling enhanced recovery of copper from recalcitrant malachite. This study establishes PMFCs as a promising nature-based platform for sustainable remediation and resource recovery from recalcitrant metal-bearing wastes.
Bioresource technology · 2026
As acetaminophen (ACT) is ubiquitous in the environment and may pose long-term ecological impacts, it is recognized as an important emerging contaminant. The osmotic microbial fuel cell systems (OsMFCs) integrate the direct biodegradation with the membrane separation process for simultaneous efficient removal of ACT, along with the production of bioenergy and high-quality water recovery. This study investigated ACT removal by OsMFCs and demonstrated that OsMFCs were able to maintain high ACT removal efficiencies (>97%) across a wide range of ACT concentrations. In addition, the corresponding effect of ACT on the reactor performance was also monitored. The results showed that no significant differences were observed between the low concentration ACT groups and the control. Although high ACT concentrations caused a slight decrease in chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, the system still maintained a high removal efficiency (>87%); however, the water flux decreased with the same cycle, while the internal resistance increased from 238 Ω to 337 Ω, and the power density also decreased. Interestingly, no significant differences in electricity generation were observed among all groups. Microbial community analysis revealed that several electrogenic bacteria were enriched under ACT stress conditions, which enabled the high concentration groups to maintain a stable power generation. Additionally, the removal mechanism and fate of ACT in the OsMFCs were investigated. The results indicated that the mechanism of ACT removal was mainly adsorption and biodegradation. This work offers a new treatment pathway for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment and helps promote the application of OsMFCs.
Bioresource technology · 2026
This study assessed the integrated performance of constructed wetland-microbial fuel cells (CW-MFCs) for the concurrent removal of conventional pollutants, pharmaceuticals personal care products (PPCPs, including sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and ibuprofen (IBP)), and bioenergy recovery. The effects of key operational parameters, including circuit configurations, electrode matrix (manganese ore), hydraulic retention time (HRT), influent flow directions, and COD concentrations, on system performance were systematically investigated. Experimental results demonstrated that the closed-circuit system with a manganese ore electrode (CW-MFC2) achieved optimal comprehensive performance under upflow influent mode: it attained 76% TN, 81% NH 4 + -N, and 77% COD removal at 3 d HRT, 94% peak average TP removal at 2 d HRT, as well as 95% SMX and 93% IBP removal at 300 mg/L COD. Meanwhile, CW-MFC2 exhibited excellent bioelectrochemical performance with a maximum current density of 94 mA/m 2 , a maximum power density of 18 mW/m 2 , and an internal resistance of 144.4 Ω. The superior performance of CW-MFC2 was attributed to its unique hierarchical porous structure of manganese ore electrodes, which facilitated microbial colonization, and the enriched electroactive bacteria and key functional phyla (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes) in the system, synergistically promoting pollutant degradation and bioenergy generation. This work confirms the feasibility and efficiency of manganese ore-based closed-circuit CW-MFCs for simultaneous pollutant removal and energy recovery, providing critical insights for its practical engineering application in sustainable wastewater treatment.
Bioresource technology · 2026
The environmental risk of azo dyes arises from their recalcitrant nature and potential carcinogenicity. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have emerged as a sustainable technology for concurrent wastewater treatment and renewable electricity generation, yet their efficiency is constrained by mass transfer limitations, low electron recovery, and the complex responses of microbial communities. This study evaluated the effects of free-fall influent (FF) mode on red soil MFCs treating the disazo dye Acid Red 73 (AR73). Compared with conventional operation, FF mode enhanced both pollutant removal and bioelectrochemical performance. The hydrodynamic impact of inflowing droplets increased cathodic dissolved oxygen by 44.7-45.8%, thereby promoting oxygen reduction. These physicochemical shifts mitigated cathodic polarization, resulting in a maximum power density of 2056 mW/m 3 under dye-containing conditions. Coulombic efficiency also improved, reflecting more efficient electron recovery from organic substrates. GC-MS analysis identified the major degradation products in both FF and non-FF modes, revealing differences that clarified the AR73 degradation pathway. Microbial community analyses revealed that FF mode restructured both bacterial and fungal communities. Electroactive genera, including Anaeromyxobacter, Dechloromonas, Citrifermentans, and Caulobacter were enriched, together with organic degraders such as Xanthobacter, Methyloversatilis, Rhodoplanes, and Aquabacterium. Fungal communities, dominated by Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, also displayed functional shifts, with FF mode promoting the abundance of degradative taxa including Ganoderma, Nigrospora, and Sterigmatomyces. Overall, FF mode provides a hydrodynamic strategy that enhances both energy recovery and pollutant removal. These findings suggest that hydrodynamic intensification can improve the sustainability of wastewater treatment in bioelectrochemical systems.
Recent advances in food, nutrition & agriculture · 2026
Land directly affects people's health and well-being. Soil is essential for social and economic growth. It is impossible to overstate the urgency of conserving soil, as it is crucial for fostering the development of an ecological civilization and maintaining household stability. A new significant threat to soil health and fertility has emerged in the form of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Unlike other pollutants, these CECs (e.g., pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, PFAS, and microplastics) are resistant to microbial degradation; therefore, they persist in soil and can enter the food chain or pollute groundwater supplies. Several researchers worldwide have shown that CECs destroy soil microflora, impair ecological balance, and reduce soil fertility and agricultural productivity. Recent experimental studies have confirmed their presence in cell culture and experimental animal models at concentrations ranging from nanomolar (nM) to millimolar (mM) levels. The unrestricted use of these CECs has resulted in their bioaccumulation at higher levels in the food chain, ultimately reaching human beings. Despite their hazardous nature, no definite environmental laws or FDA regulations exist, adding fuel to the fire. Therefore, we aim to highlight the environmental implications of these CECs and the steps needed to prevent them from transforming into an environmental catastrophe. This review focuses on five key CECs, including nanoparticles, cosmetic additives (phthalates and biphenyls), flame retardants, and microplastics, along with their environmental implications.
Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology · 2026
Biomanufacturing can play a pivotal role in the transition away from fossil fuel dependence for the production of chemicals and fuels. There is growing interest in inexpensive alternative bioproduction feedstocks from renewable sources that avoid competing with food production for land use. Ethylene glycol, a C2 compound that can be recovered from plastic waste or derived from carbon dioxide, is gaining attention as a carbon source for microbial processes. Here, we systematically evaluate natural and synthetic metabolic pathways for ethylene glycol assimilation using theoretical modeling approaches. We analyzed five pathways for their maximum theoretical yields, thermodynamic favourability, enzyme costs, and orthogonality to cell growth and identify favourable traits for each of these pathways for a given product. Our results reveal distinct trade-offs between pathway types. Synthetic pathways achieved higher theoretical yields for biomass and most bioproducts, with synthetic glycolaldehyde assimilation (SAGA) pathways showing the best overall yields and the synthetic acetyl-CoA assimilation (SACA) pathway demonstrating the highest thermodynamic favourability and lowest enzyme costs. Among natural pathways, the glycerate pathway exhibited favorable thermodynamics and moderate enzyme costs comparable to synthetic alternatives, while being particularly advantageous for glycolate production despite carbon losses. The β-hydroxyaspartate cycle (BHAC) showed the poorest thermodynamic performance and highest enzyme burden. However, natural pathways exhibited equal or higher orthogonality to growth-associated reactions, making them potentially suitable for dynamically controlled production systems. These findings provide guidance for selecting optimal ethylene glycol assimilation strategies based on target products and process requirements, supporting the development of sustainable bioprocesses utilizing this promising unconventional feedstock.
Journal of environmental management · 2026
Antibiotics, microplastics (MPs), and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are major emerging contaminants (ECs) that have posed significant risks to the aquatic ecosystem and human beings. Lately, enhanced constructed wetlands (CWs) have improved their ability to remove ECs. Aeration and tidal flow significantly increase dissolved oxygen (DO) and improve microbial activity in CWs. In addition, microbial fuel cell (MFC) and electrolysis systems are embedded into CWs, aiming to enhance their electrochemical characteristics for the removal of ECs. Furthermore, combining an advanced oxidation process with a CW increases not only ECs removal, but also ecological values. Advanced configuration and operation can create enhanced CWs systems that could provide alternative technical solutions for ECs control in water environment. However, there are still enormous issues (such as scaling up the small-scale investigation) to be solved before the developed techniques can be applied in engineering practice. Based on the updated literature, this review provides an overview of cutting-edge processes and fresh knowledge of CWs on ECs removal. We expect that the review can guide the research and development of CW towards assisting ECs solution.
Environmental research · 2026
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) contamination poses significant challenges for the remediation of surface water. This study evaluated how electrode surface area affects the performance of microbial fuel cell enhanced floating beds (MFC-EFBs) under PFOA stress. The results indicate that PFOA exposure significantly reduced MFC-EFBs bioelectricity generation, likely due to toxic effects on plants and microbial communities. Increasing electrode surface area from 0.04 m 2 to 0.08 m 2 partially mitigated these adverse effects, improving power density, plant photosynthetic activity, and the removal of conventional pollutants. PFOA removal in MFC-EFBs was primarily attributable to substrate adsorption (13.2-14.6%), whereas plant uptake contributed less than 5%. Although increasing electrode surface area did not significantly change overall PFOA removal efficiency (p > 0.05), it altered PFOA transport pathways within the system. Larger electrode areas enhanced the adsorption of PFOA onto the electrode surface and its subsequent phytosequestration, effectively extracting PFOA from the aqueous phase and thereby lowering its bioavailability and associated ecological risk. These results indicate that optimizing electrode surface area can enhance MFC-EFBs resilience to PFOA stress and improve treatment performance, offering a practical strategy to advance bioelectrochemical remediation of emerging contaminants in surface water.
ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2026
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, commonly referred to as ″forever chemicals″ due to their robust C-F bonds, remain persistent in aquatic environments and resist conventional remediation efforts. This review critically examines current treatment strategies, such as adsorption, membrane filtration, advanced oxidation, reduction, and thermal degradation, highlighting their limitations in terms of energy efficiency, selectivity, and byproduct management. The discussion then focuses on MXenes, a class of two-dimensional transition metal carbides/nitrides known for their high surface area and tunable surface terminations (-OH, -O, -F). Despite their promise, MXenes face challenges, such as aqueous instability and limited reusability. A systematic evaluation is provided on how surface functionalization, through amination, carboxylation, and surfactant modification, enhances PFAS adsorption, particularly for difficult-to-remove short-chain variants. Integration with covalent organic frameworks, metal-organic frameworks, and metal oxides boosts catalytic degradation under ambient conditions. Importantly, this review introduces two innovative strategies: (1) a MXene-microbial fuel cell hybrid that enables in situ regeneration and bioelectrochemical degradation of PFAS and (2) a chemically staged MXene surface with spatially distinct domains that promote sequential PFBS fragmentation without external reagents. These approaches offer scalable, low-energy alternatives that address the critical shortcomings of conventional methods. By tackling persistent issues such as short-chain PFAS degradation, byproduct toxicity, and material recyclability, this review positions MXenes as a multifunctional platform integrating adsorption and catalysis. Our findings pave the way for scalable, next-generation MXene-based materials tailored for sustainable PFAS remediation.
Biotechnology advances · 2026
The pursuit of sustainability in the urban world has prompted the development of innovative biobased strategies to mitigate the impact of industrial and human activities on the environment. One such strategy is leveraging microbial collaboration to minimize waste and maximize resource efficiency to unlock the production of biobased products embracing circular bioeconomy in rapidly functioning bio-electrochemical systems (BES). BES is a diversified technology with manifold applications that use microbial interactions at electrode interface to synthesize new products with enhanced substrate utilization, contributing to both environmental sustainability and industrial efficiency. Considering the significance of microbial collaboration, this review article is intended to discuss the types and benefits of microbial interactions in BES, partnerships in a mixed microbiome, between co-cultures, underlying factors, mechanisms, and approaches to enhance the yield and targeted outcome advocating sustainability. This review provides an overview of current research, advances in microbial synergy, and the challenges in optimizing microbial consortia for industrial applications. Probing and harnessing synergies between microbial groups or specific microbes is expected to play a pivotal role in advancing efficient bioelectrochemical platforms and accelerating the transition towards a resilient, biobased economy.
Water research · 2026
The application of osmotic microbial fuel cell (OsMFC) for landfill leachate treatment is limited by rising catholyte pH, due to slow proton migration from the anode to the cathode. Such issue is potentially solved by forward osmosis (FO) membrane through incorporating proton-conducting medium. The study focused on elucidating the efficacy of this novel OsMFC system in treating landfill leachate, which integrated the custom-made FO membranes incorporating different types of proton-conducting medium. Specifically, proton migration was significantly boosted in the OsMFC system utilizing FO-2 membrane by doping heterogeneously metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The FO-2 membrane with superior proton-conducting performance was fabricated by incorporating equal amido-MIL-101(Cr) and sulfo-MIL-101(Cr) into the polyamide layer formed on top of polysulfone substrate by interfacial polymerization method. The facilitating proton transport results from the synergistic action of formed acid-base pairs and hydrophilic nanochannels between the two types of heterogeneous microporous MOFs. Results revealed that the OsMFC employing FO-2 membrane attained a maximum power density of 5.82 ± 0.47 W·m -3 , representing a 71.68 % increase compared to the system using a commercial membrane. Furthermore, the salinity dilution rate of simulated seawater and extracted volume of clean water from landfill leachate were approximately 2∼3 folds those achieved with the commercial membrane. Additionally, the OsMFC with the FO-2 membrane exhibited superior pollutant degradation performance and the highest pollutant retention rates. The efficient landfill leachate treatment performance was attributed to the facilitated proton migration and improved water flux enabled by the proton-conducting medium. Therefore, this research demonstrated a promising innovative application for the efficient and green treatment of landfill leachate.
Warburg, Margit
Berghahn Books · 2022
Looking at the crossroads between heritage and religion through the case study of Moravian Christiansfeld, designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site in July 2015, this anthology reaches back to the eighteenth century when the church settlement was founded, examines its legacy within Danish culture and modern society, and brings this history into the present and the ongoing heritagization processes. Finally, it explores the consequences of the listing for the everyday life in Christiansfeld and discusses the possible and sustainable futures of a religious community in a World Heritage Site.
Sang Hagk Kwon, Kiyohiko Nakasaki
Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry · 2015
MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY · 2024
Andrea Lamberti, Candido F. Pirri
Journal of Energy Storage · 2016
sumitha M. S, Xavier T S
SSRN Electronic Journal · 2022
Zhitong Hu, Xiaohua Yu
Materials Research Express · 2019
Douglas Vieira Thomaz
Material Science · 2019
Karen Chan
Nature Communications · 2020
Changjun Zhang
Nature Energy · 2016
Ryo Kuriki, Kazuhiko Maeda
SPIE Newsroom · 2015
Laksmi Ambarsari, Akhiruddin Maddu, Titi Rohmayati et al.
Rasayan Journal of Chemistry · 2018
Matthieu Jules
Microbial Cell · 2018
Guven Gonca
Applied Mathematical Modelling · 2016
Asim Riaz
SSRN Electronic Journal · 2023
Dewu Ding
New Biotechnology · 2016
Extracellular electron transfer (EET) is the key feature of some bacteria, such as Geobacter sulfurreducens and Shewanella oneidensis. Via EET processes, these bacteria can grow on electrode surfaces and make current output of microbial fuel cells. c-Type cytochromes can be used as carriers to transfer electrons, which play an important role in EET processes. Typically, from the inner (cytoplasmic) membrane through the periplasm to the outer membrane, they could form EET pathways. Recent studies suggest that a group of c-type cytochromes could form a network which extended the well-known EET pathways. We obtained the protein interaction information for all 41 c-type cytochromes in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, constructed a large-scale protein interaction network, and studied its structural characteristics and functional significance. Centrality analysis has identified the top 10 key proteins of the network, and 7 of them are associated with electricity production in the bacteria, which suggests that the ability of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 to produce electricity might be derived from the unique structure of the c-type cytochrome network. By modularity analysis, we obtained 5 modules from the network. The subcellular localization study has shown that the proteins in these modules all have diversiform cellular compartments, which reflects their potential to form EET pathways. In particular, combination of protein subcellular localization and operon analysis, the well-known and new candidate EET pathways are obtained from the Mtr-like module, indicating that potential EET pathways could be obtained from such a c-type cytochrome network.
Ronnie S. Concepcion II, Kate G. Francisco, Adrian Genevie G. Janairo et al.
Renewable Energy · 2023
A. S. Mathuriya, D. Pant
Environmental Technology · 2019
Separators are considered as an important component in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) to facilitate ion transport and to prevent electrode short circuiting. In the present study, expanded polystyrene (EPS) was evaluated for the first time as a separator in a single-chamber air cathode and dual chamber aqueous cathode MFCs. The characteristics and performance of EPS were analyzed and compared with other conventionally used separators used in MFCs and was found to be competitive. Initially, the EPS was less impermeable to protons, resulting in delayed process startup (17 days) and stabilization (57 days), but gradually exhibited improved and stable performance. In the air cathode MFC with the EPS as the separator and domestic wastewater as the substrate, power production was 391 mW/m 2 , while power output of the aqueous cathode MFC was 328 mW/m 2 . The characteristics and cost analysis of EPS indicate that it can be a potential candidate as a separator in scaled-up MFC applications.
Itaru ASANO, Yasuyuki HAMANO, Seiya TSUJIMURA et al.
Electrochemistry · 2012
Chuanlun L Zhang, Yiliang Li, Qi Ye et al.
Chemical Geology · 2003
Masataka Satomi, Hiroshi Oikawa, Yutaka Yano
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology · 2003
MeiMei Shi, YongGuang Jiang, Liang Shi
Science China Technological Sciences · 2019
Biotechnology and Bioengineering · 2015
J. C. Renshaw, N. Law, A. Geissler et al.
Biogeochemistry · 2009
Surajbhan Sevda, Ibrahim M. Abu-Reesh
Desalination and Water Treatment · 2018
Qingyun Ping, Zhen He
Desalination and Water Treatment · 2014
Fei Zhang, Zhen He
Desalination · 2015