Unraveling the manganese ore integrated constructed wetland-microbial fuel cells system for wastewater containing pharmaceuticals and personal care products: Efficacy and thesynergetic mechanisms.
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75% confidenceThis study investigated the integrated performance of constructed wetland-microbial fuel cells for removing conventional pollutants, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products, and recovering bioenergy. The system with a manganese ore electrode achieved optimal comprehensive performance, including high removal rates of TN, NH4+-N, COD, TP, SMX, and IBP. The system also exhibited excellent bioelectrochemical performance with a high maximum current density and power density.
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Abstract
This study assessed the integrated performance of constructed wetland-microbial fuel cells (CW-MFCs) for the concurrent removal of conventional pollutants, pharmaceuticals personal care products (PPCPs, including sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and ibuprofen (IBP)), and bioenergy recovery. The effects of key operational parameters, including circuit configurations, electrode matrix (manganese ore), hydraulic retention time (HRT), influent flow directions, and COD concentrations, on system performance were systematically investigated. Experimental results demonstrated that the closed-circuit system with a manganese ore electrode (CW-MFC2) achieved optimal comprehensive performance under upflow influent mode: it attained 76% TN, 81% NH 4 + -N, and 77% COD removal at 3 d HRT, 94% peak average TP removal at 2 d HRT, as well as 95% SMX and 93% IBP removal at 300 mg/L COD. Meanwhile, CW-MFC2 exhibited excellent bioelectrochemical performance with a maximum current density of 94 mA/m 2 , a maximum power density of 18 mW/m 2 , and an internal resistance of 144.4 Ω. The superior performance of CW-MFC2 was attributed to its unique hierarchical porous structure of manganese ore electrodes, which facilitated microbial colonization, and the enriched electroactive bacteria and key functional phyla (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes) in the system, synergistically promoting pollutant degradation and bioenergy generation. This work confirms the feasibility and efficiency of manganese ore-based closed-circuit CW-MFCs for simultaneous pollutant removal and energy recovery, providing critical insights for its practical engineering application in sustainable wastewater treatment.