Discover insights from thousands of peer-reviewed papers on microbial electrochemical systems
Zumrut Begum Ogel
Advances in Medical Technologies and Clinical Practice · 2018
Rennet, traditionally obtained from calves, is non-vegeterian and unethical due to the slaughter of unweaned animals. Chymosin is highly specific to the Phe105-Met106 bond of κ-casein and has low proteolytic activity. Microbial aspartic proteases can partly replace chymosin. However, recombinant DNA technology has allowed chymosin itself to be produced by bacteria, yeast, and molds. Not only rennet from calf, but from animals like goat kid, lamb, buffalo, camel, and others can be used in cheesemaking. Chymosins of these animals can be cloned and successfully expressed in microorganisms and can be employed in the production of novel as well as traditional cheese products from the milk of camel, goat, and even horse and donkey. This chapter outlines the recombinant DNA techniques applied over the past few years to improve the microbial production of recombinant rennet, from animals and plants.
Wolfgang Sand
Materials Science and Technology · 2013
Abstract The sections in this article are Microorganisms and Corrosion Microorganisms and their Metabolism Bacteria and Cyanobacteria Fungi and Yeasts Algae Lichens Microbial Growth Factors Influencing Growth Substrate (Energy and Carbon Source) Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Trace Elements Water and Water Activity Concentration of Hydrogen Ions Redox Potential Aerobiosis, Anaerobiosis, and Oxygen Temperature Course of Growth Growth on Surfaces Microbially Influenced Destruction of Materials Mineral Materials Metallic Materials Materials of Natural Origin Plastic Materials Hydrocarbons Protection of Materials Passive Protection of Materials Selection of Materials Consideration of the Site Constructive Measures Simulation of Biogenic Attack Active Protection of Materials Physical Countermeasures Chemical Countermeasures Summary and Outlook
Vicki Kurtz
Offshore Technology Conference · 2013
Abstract An emerging treatment system, based on using Plasma-Shells as a high surface area source of Ultraviolet (UV) light, holds promise for addressing some of the key microbial and chemical water quality issues faced by small water systems. Plasma-Shells are hollow dielectric gas encapsulating shells that can be energized to emit light over a broad range of wavelengths. When the shells are coated with titanium dioxide and energized, advanced oxidation reactions can occur in tandem with disinfection. By optimizing the wavelength characteristics, it is possible to achieve pathogen inactivation (~250 nm) and also promote photocatalytic reactions through excitation of titanium dioxide (~350 nm). From a water treatment perspective, the net effect of these reactions is disinfection and photocatalytic mineralization of waterborne contaminants. A key advantage of titanium dioxide coated Plasma-Shells over more traditional UV light sources is that all components are rugged, inert, and safe. The ceramic based shell material and the encapsulated gas (neon and/or xenon) are inert and, therefore, do not impact water quality. The system is highly water efficient and does not generate a waste stream or process residuals. In addition, there are no consumable chemicals that need to be stored on-site. The shells can be regenerated on-site through an off-line thermal system. The high surface area of the Plasma-Shells allows for a relatively small technology footprint, compared to more traditional disinfection or oxidation systems. The size of the Plasma-Shells and the process design configuration can be tailored to provide reaction conditions that are appropriate to address a broad spectrum of chemical and microbial waterborne contaminants. Key elements of the technology include:Simple construction, rugged design, and scalable to meet site specific constraints.Modular process configuration that can be adapted to meet specific treatment requirements.Reliable source of UV light that is devoid of mercury or other potential environmental contaminants.High surface area to volume ratio that can provide efficient contact time for inactivating or mineralizing microbial and chemical waterborne contaminants.Efficient activation of titanium dioxide due to its direct contact with the UV light source.Use of a thin film of titanium dioxide obviates the need for post-treatment filtration and accomplishes the photocatalytic reaction in a single-step.
Charles S. Cockell
Microbial Biotechnology · 2022
Summary The establishment of a permanent human settlement in space is one of humanity’s ambitions. To achieve this, microorganisms will be used to carry out many functions such as recycling, food and pharmaceutical production, mining and other processes. However, the physical and chemical extremes in all locations beyond Earth exceed known growth limits of microbial life. Making microbes more tolerant of a greater range of extraterrestrial extremes will not produce organisms that can grow in unmodified extraterrestrial environments since in many of them not even liquid water can exist. However, by narrowing the gap, the engineering demands on bioindustrial processes can be reduced and greater robustness can be incorporated into the biological component. I identify and describe these required microbial biotechnological modifications and speculate on long‐term possibilities such as microbial biotechnology on Saturn’s moon Titan to support a human presence in the outer Solar System and bioprocessing of asteroids. A challenge for space microbial biotechnology in the coming decades is to narrow the microbial gap by systemically identifying the genes required to do this and incorporating them into microbial systems that can be used to carry out bioindustrial processes of interest.
Rima Abou Ibrahim, P. Tittelein, S. Lassue et al.
Applied Sciences · 2022
Façades built with integrated passive solar systems hold great promise for improving the energy performance of buildings and achieving indoor comfort conditions. Among these techniques, solar air preheating systems with different configurations have proven their ability to reduce the energy consumption of buildings during the heating season. In this study, we propose a ventilated solar wall (VSW) with a thermal storage unit intended for preheating ventilation air. The final aim of this study is to determine the thermal performance of the studied VSW over a significant time period (during the heating season) under various climatic conditions when it is integrated into the building envelope. Therefore, for this purpose, a simplified model was developed to be coupled to a building energy simulation (BES) code. The results from the detailed steady-state 2D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model show that the thermal efficiency of the VSW ranged from 55% to 70% as the air mass flow rate increased from 0.008 kg/s to 0.02 kg/s for a surface of 2.15 m2. These results were used to evaluate the convective heat transfer coefficients in the two air cavities and to validate the simplified model. The results indicate good agreement between the two models.
Mohammed Nihad Saadallah, Y. Q. Almajidi, Asgar Ali
Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 ) · 2023
Background: Tazarotene (TZ) is a novel acetylenic class retinoid that selectively targets RARβ/γ. It is not particularly soluble or bioavailable, yet it is used to treat melanoma. Objective: To improve the tazarotene gel formula's transdermal distribution. Methods: TZ-incorporated binary ethosomes (TZ-BES) were developed for the current study. The cold technique and optimized Box-Behnken statistical design tools were used to synthesize the TZ-BES. The improved ethosome (TZ-BES13) was mixed with carbopol gel and tested for stability and ex vivo skin penetration, as well as viscosity, pH, spreadability, and drug content. Results: The optimal ethosomes (TZ-BES13) had a vesicle size of 168 nm, a PDI of 0.367, a zeta potential of -30 mV, and an entrapment effectiveness of 79.94%. TZ is enclosed in the ethosome matrix, as seen by the differential scanning calorimetry thermogram. FTIR shows that the TZ and additives are compatible. TZ-BES13-G2, the optimized TZ-BES13 gel, has a spreadability of 7.82 cm2, a pH of 6.52, a viscosity of 17235, and a drug content of 99.82±1.04%. Compared to the plan TZ-gel (43.54%), the TZ-BES13-G2 exhibits a much higher TZ release (89.22%). In 6 hours, rat abdomen skin permeability for TZ-BES13-G2 was 66.22±3.31%, much greater than that of plan TZ-gel (24.67%). The flow of TZ-BES13-G2 was 2.68 times greater than that of plan TZ-gel. The stability analysis showed that the formulation's properties had not changed significantly. Conclusion: Ethosomal gel offers an alternative mode of TZ administration when used topically.
Andrea Costantino
Agriculture · 2023
The need to improve the sustainability of intensive livestock farming has led to an increasing adoption of Building Energy Simulation (BES) models for livestock houses. However, a consolidated body of knowledge specifically dedicated to these models is lacking in literature. This gap represents a significant obstacle to their widespread application and scalability in research and industry. The aim of this work is to pave the way for scaling the adoption of BES models for livestock houses by providing a comprehensive analysis of their application, development, and validation. For this aim, a systematic review of 42 papers—selected from over 795 results from the initial database query—is carried out. The findings underscored a growing body of research that involves BES models for different purposes. However, a common approach in both model development and validation is still lacking. This issue could hinder their scalability as a standard practice, especially in industry, also considering the limitations of BES models highlighted in this work. This review could represent a solid background for future research since provides an up-to-date framework on BES models for livestock houses and identifies future research opportunities. Moreover, it contributes to increasing the reliability of BES models for livestock houses by providing some recommendations for their validation.
A. Mishra, Pratibha Rani, F. Cavallaro et al.
Sustainability · 2023
Biofuel can become a favorable sustainable energy resource in India by relieving conventional fossil fuels. However, biofuel enterprises (BEs) are still in the preliminary phase because of sustainable development barriers (SDBs) in environmental, technological, economic, social, and regulatory aspects. In the paper, nineteen SDBs to biofuels are identified by studying the literature and decision experts’ (DEs’) views. Considering the involvement of multiple tangible and non-tangible barriers, the assessment of SDBs to BEs can be taken as a multi-attribute decision-analysis (MADA) problem. Since ambiguity and imprecision generally ensue in the assessment of SDBs to BEs, the doctrine of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IVIFSs) has been recognized as a more sensible and proficient way to tackle uncertain MADA problems. Then, an integrated approach with IVIF-distance measure and IVIF-relative closeness coefficient models is presented to form associations between the SDBs to recognize the most important SDBs. The outcomes of this study show that four SDBs, i.e., “lack of effective storage facilities (EC-2), lack of investors (EC-3), technical issues associated with conversion technologies (T-2), and lack of trust between local societies, agencies, and developers (S-4)” are the leading obstacles. The paper also discusses some policies that can be utilized as a managing stage by the DEs to articulate guidelines for the operational exclusion of SDBs to biofuel enterprises.
K. Usanova, Kodali Anuradha, Rajendra Prasad et al.
E3S Web of Conferences · 2024
This work investigates the incorporation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into business models (BM) associated to Building Environment (BEs) in order to promote sustainable development, innovation, and resilient infrastructure. Through an analysis of business models released from 2016 to 2019, we explore the integration of important Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) such as affordable, green energy (SDG 7), sustainable growth (SDG 8), industrialization and innovation (SDG 9), and resilient cities (SDG 11) into the operational and strategic frameworks of various business designs. Evidence from case studies conducted in different nations demonstrates how business models may be modified to include sustainable practices and frameworks motivated by values. Furthermore, this text presents guidelines for integrating Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into upcoming Blue Models (BMs), emphasizing their significance in circular economies, green energy projects, and socially inclusive urban development. This paper provides important information to the stakeholders in the constructed environment as the legislators, developers, and academics who would wish to align their business agendas with the global sustainability goals. The research evidence suggests that business models associated with the SDGs allow for the management of modern sustainability challenges together with encouraging innovation and economic growth.
A. Bohra, A. Bohra, A. Dubey et al.
BMC Plant Biology · 2011
BackgroundPigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is an important legume crop of rainfed agriculture. Despite of concerted research efforts directed to pigeonpea improvement, stagnated productivity of pigeonpea during last several decades may be accounted to prevalence of various biotic and abiotic constraints and the situation is exacerbated by availability of inadequate genomic resources to undertake any molecular breeding programme for accelerated crop improvement. With the objective of enhancing genomic resources for pigeonpea, this study reports for the first time, large scale development of SSR markers from BAC-end sequences and their subsequent use for genetic mapping and hybridity testing in pigeonpea.ResultsA set of 88,860 BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome)-end sequences (BESs) were generated after constructing two BAC libraries by using HindIII (34,560 clones) and BamHI (34,560 clones) restriction enzymes. Clustering based on sequence identity of BESs yielded a set of >52K non-redundant sequences, comprising 35 Mbp or >4% of the pigeonpea genome. These sequences were analyzed to develop annotation lists and subdivide the BESs into genome fractions (e.g., genes, retroelements, transpons and non-annotated sequences). Parallel analysis of BESs for microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) identified 18,149 SSRs, from which a set of 6,212 SSRs were selected for further analysis. A total of 3,072 novel SSR primer pairs were synthesized and tested for length polymorphism on a set of 22 parental genotypes of 13 mapping populations segregating for traits of interest. In total, we identified 842 polymorphic SSR markers that will have utility in pigeonpea improvement. Based on these markers, the first SSR-based genetic map comprising of 239 loci was developed for this previously uncharacterized genome. Utility of developed SSR markers was also demonstrated by identifying a set of 42 markers each for two hybrids (ICPH 2671 and ICPH 2438) for genetic purity assessment in commercial hybrid breeding programme.ConclusionIn summary, while BAC libraries and BESs should be useful for genomics studies, BES-SSR markers, and the genetic map should be very useful for linking the genetic map with a future physical map as well as for molecular breeding in pigeonpea.
I. D’Adamo, Cristina Di Carlo, Massimo Gastaldi et al.
Sustainable Development · 2024
Sustainable development serves as a guiding principle for societies aiming to progress beyond purely economic measures of well‐being. This paper constructs a composite indicator based on the framework of equitable and sustainable Well‐being (BES), integrating 105 indicators for Italian regions over the period 2018–2022. The results show that the provinces of Bolzano and Trento led the ranking. Regionally, those in the north scored highest in 2022 (0.603), followed by those in the central region (0.556) and south (0.404). Disaggregated data on the 12 BES dimensions highlighted specific areas for policy intervention. The results advocate for a pragmatic, non‐ideological approach to sustainability, asserting that Italy's competitive advantage (i.e., the “Made in Italy” program) is not contingent on territorial differences, but on provinces' relative ability to leverage and integrate their unique attributes on a global scale.
I. D’Adamo, Cristina Di Carlo, Massimo Gastaldi et al.
Sustainability · 2024
Sustainable development monitoring reveals the extent to which local and national territories are progressing towards sustainability goals. This study considered 105 indicators associated with the Equitable and Sustainable Wellbeing (BES) framework and 139 indicators associated with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), using multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) and cluster analysis to compare regional performance across the Italian territory in 2022. At the SDG level, Lombardia exhibited the highest performance, while the provinces of Trento and Bolzano led at the BES level. The results were further analyzed with respect to geographic macro-areas and the three dimensions of sustainability, via separate cluster analyses comparing the BES and SDG results. Northeast regions emerged as the top performers, and comparable performance was shown by regions in the center and northwest. The development of a sustainable innovation model, alongside territorial cooperation and synergy between regional specificities, may generate competitive advantages, especially when combined with resources and skills with an international profile.
Jinhui Chen, Xin Dong, Xionghong He et al.
Nuclear Science and Techniques · 2024
In the paper, we discuss the development of the multigap resistive plate chamber time-of-flight (TOF) technology and the production of the solenoidal tracker at RHIC (STAR) TOF detector in China at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Subsequently, recent experimental results from the first beam energy scan program (BES-I) at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) pertaining to measurements of collectivity, chirality, criticality, global polarization, strangeness, heavy flavor, dilepton and light nuclei productions are reviewed.
W. Sari, Dwi Indra Aprilliandari
BIOEDUSCIENCE · 2021
Background: Biology learning under the Covid-19 pandemic aimed to enhance educators' pedagogical competence by improving thinking abilities and producing results. One of the innovations intended to facilitate environmental learning is the BioEnviroScience App (BES App) for learning environmental science materials, specifically in the sub-environmental changes that occurred in the Province of the Bangka Belitung Islands. This media is integrated with Problem Based Learning (PBL) characteristics to guide the learning, allowing students to obtain learning experiences and make learning meaningful. Methods: This development design uses D&DR, which consists of six stages: 1) identifying the problem, 2) describing the objectives, 3) designing and developing the artifact, 4) testing the artifact, 5) evaluating testing results, and 6) communicating the testing findings. The feasibility test of the produced medium comprises a material, biological, and media specialists and is supported by peer review. A questionnaire was used to obtain data, which was examined quantitatively. Results: The material aspect of the feasibility test received 91.08% in the excellent category, the learning aspect of biology received 85.03% in the excellent category, and the media aspect received 89.08% in the excellent category. Conclusion: BES App deserves to be implemented on a large scale in several high schools in Pangkalpinang City.
Sat Pal
International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability · 2018
Urban population in Indian cities is encouraging auto reliance and having unsafe economic, social and environmental consequences. Land-use-change patterns are the outcome of the complex relations between the human and the physical surroundings. To address these issues the planners are moving beyond land use planning to a sustainable development. Transit and Land use planning are important components to achieve sustainable future of urban development. TOD is a planning tool to encourage this integration. This paper discusses the land use scenario and opportunity around four Metro transit stations in Faridabad city. Different methods and various sets of indicators are considered to evaluate and measure TOD index in this study. This study will evaluate and measure the Faridabad city in the context of land use around Metro Stations to support TOD. This paper seeks to answer how to promote walkable communities, compact and transit-oriented development (TOD) that incorporates mixed land use development, including neighbourhood schools, retail and business-related space and a mix range of housing types within walkable distance. This paper concludes that the stations area which had a low TOD score needs to have policy for improvement. If planned efficiently, TODs can realize the sustainable development with considerable change in the urban development that focuses on pedestrian based neighbourhood planning.
Оlena Linkova
Bulletin of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" (economic sciences) · 2024
The main reasons for the increase in demand for the implementation of the concept of sustainable development in Ukraine are highlighted: increased expectations of society regarding ethically and ecologically responsible behavior to create a more sustainable future; the experience of interaction with other countries during the war demonstrates the need to harmonize the legislation of Ukraine with the legislation of the European Union; climate change requires the introduction of environmentally friendly technologies; knowledge economy allows to increase the efficiency of the use of resources. The analysis of scientific works on business ethics showed the need to transform the management system to introduce the concept of sustainable business development. The study of successful methods of sustainable development became the basis for substantiating the role of management consulting companies in this process. The article shows trends in the development of management consulting: implementation of digital technologies to improve work efficiency; changing the role of consultants to business partners to achieve goals; specialization in certain fields for the use of expertise; entering the international market to use new opportunities; growing role of environmental and social responsibility; development of online consulting and use of flexible project management techniques to increase adaptability for clients; use of artificial intelligence to automate tasks; change management to adapt to new challenges with risk minimization; development of ecosystems to increase the value of services. Peculiarities of the management consulting market in Ukraine were studied: managers' awareness of the importance of using consulting services; increased wartime demand for rapid recovery, renovation, and growth; changing the focus of demand for adaptation services to new business conditions. Priorities for sustainable business development are systematized: economic: long-term sustainability; efficiency of resource use; investing in environmental and social innovations; ethical: respect for the rights of all people; the organization's desire to create a fairer society; social cohesion and support of healthy communities; the company's social responsibility for impact on society; social investments. The priorities of management consulting clients in the implementation of the concept of sustainable development are classified: by the time of obtaining the result: current commercial; long-term image; by clients of the consulting company: commercial (non-commercial) organizations; State institutions. A conceptual model of the transformation of the management system for the sustainable development of clients of consulting companies was formed based on the basic components: idea, values, team. Values of management consulting business in Ukraine: introduction of a long-term approach in everyday business, through the development of local solutions, projects, creation of favorable conditions for investors through increased support for investing in sustainable development; detection of inefficiency, optimization of business processes; development of development strategies, effective risk management; development of corporate culture, change management; reducing the negative impact on the environment, capital mobilization in investments aimed at measurable positive social, economic, environmental impact along with financial profit, identification of new trends. In the author's work, the advantages of using management consulting in the transformation of the organization's management system are structured: access to global resources, global experience and knowledge through entering international networks, experience working with international clients, the use of new technologies, highly qualified personnel, access to talented people, growing competition and quality improvement, qualified assistance of consultants to managers. The introduction of transformational management by enterprises ensures: long-term viability due to the creation of economic values and reduction of risks; global alignment through the integration of sustainable development principles into corporate efforts; social stability and customer loyalty through the trust of stakeholders in investors from socially responsible funds. An issue for further research is indicated: ecosystem modeling based on management consulting companies
Olena Zamula, Oleksii Zamula
Bulletin of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" (economic sciences) · 2024
Sustainable development management of the restaurant business has recently gained great importance in the process of ensuring its long-term success and competitiveness. This is connected with the growing needs of society for security and ensuring the principle of equality and the possibility of realizing the rights of all its members. Sustainable management of resources and diversity in restaurants is crucial both for decarbonization, which should stop environmental degradation, and for inclusive development, which will contribute to improving the living conditions of current and future generations. The article reveals the problem of developing practical recommendations for managing the sustainable development of the restaurant industry. Therefore, it is important to analyze existing approaches to planning measures to ensure savings and efficient use of all types of resources in order to determine a more efficient way of providing services, as well as to investigate methods of organizing interaction with clients, employees and the community for the fullest realization of the rights of all members of society. In order to ensure the long-term success and competitiveness of the restaurant industry, its managers are suggested, based on the concept of sustainable development, to implement a number of practical measures that will mitigate the impact on the environment associated with the processes of preparing and delivering meals. At the same time, the level of losses of all types of used resources will decrease and the efficiency of the institutions will increase. In order to achieve the goals of sustainable development within a single restaurant, it is proposed to manage diversity at different levels: staff, customers, community. This will help improve organizational behavior at the institution level, increase the level of job satisfaction and increase the productivity of the staff. And different customers of the restaurant will be provided with the availability of services, which, firstly, will meet their preferences, and, secondly, will help to overcome physical and psychological barriers for customers with special needs.
Bárbara V. Gonçalves, Raquel Portela, Ricardo Lobo et al.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · 2019
Glutamate amidation, a secondary modification of the peptidoglycan, was first identified in Staphylococcus aureus . It is catalyzed by the protein products of the murT and gatD genes, which are conserved and colocalized in the genomes of most sequenced Gram-positive bacterial species. The MurT-GatD complex is required for cell viability, full resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, and resistance to human lysozyme and is recognized as an attractive target for new antimicrobials.
N. Mospan
Municipal economy of cities · 2020
This research paper devoted to the urban freight transport planning under sustainable city development. Continued urban population growth, traffic congestions, financial losses because of longer delivery times, harm-ful impact on environmental are highlighted as strong arguments for the freight traffic management in the cities. The article aims to help all stakeholders understand the challenges brought about by freight activities in an urban context, and make the planning process consistent and comprehensive for the city freight transportation system improvement. The brief overview of some recent foreign and native studies in urban transport planning and traffic engi-neering reveals main field of interests for modern researchers. The clear focus of the analysed scientific works di-rected on such aspects in sustainable urban freight transport development as energy and economic efficiency, eco-friendliness, safety, institutional and legal issues of freight transportations. Special attention is paid to the analy-sis of government initiatives in sustainable transport system development of Ukraine. Identification of the main freight transportation features in an urban area is carried out on the initial re-search stage. Each feature has an explanation for better understanding necessity of their usage in the freight transport planning process. The other focus of the research devotes to the description of the stages during urban freight transport planning process. Author attends a deep freight transport demand and supply analysis for a de-termination of the basic freight distribution regularities in an urban context. Therefore, a list of indicators for subsystem of city freight transportation evaluation is presented in the article. The whole set of indicators is divid-ed into economical, operational, environmental, social and general groups of indicators. Moreover, the compo-nents of successful measures implementation for an urban freight transport subsystem improvement are highlight-ed. Financial management, political support, institution, organisation and legal framework condition are consid-ered as the key elements of successful plans and measures implementation. Keywords: planning, sustainable development, freight transport, urban population, authorities.
Tania Blanco-Martín, Lucía González-Pinto, Pablo Aja-Macaya et al.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · 2024
ABSTRACT Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) variants selected during ceftazidime/avibactam treatment usually develop susceptibility to carbapenems and carbapenem/β-lactamase inhibitors, such as imipenem and imipenem/relebactam. We analyzed imipenem and imipenem/relebactam single-step mutant frequencies, resistance development trajectories and differentially selected resistance mechanisms using two representative K. pneumoniae isolates that had developed ceftazidime/avibactam resistance during therapy (ST512/KPC-31 and ST258/KPC-35). Mutant frequencies and mutant prevention concentrations were measured in Mueller–Hinton agar plates containing incremental concentrations of imipenem or imipenem/relebactam. Resistance dynamics were determined after incubation for 7 days in 10 mL MH tubes containing incremental concentrations of each antibiotic or combination, up to 64 times their baseline MIC. Two colonies per strain from each experiment were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing. The impact of KPC variants identified in resistant mutants on β-lactam resistance was investigated by cloning experiments. Imipenem/relebactam suppressed the emergence of resistant mutants at lower concentrations than imipenem, slowed down resistance development for both strains, and the resulting mutants yielded lower MICs of carbapenems and carbapenem/β-lactamase inhibitors than those selected with imipenem alone. Characterization of resistant mutants revealed that imipenem resistance was mainly caused by inactivation of OmpK36 and mutations in the KPC β-lactamase. Imipenem/relebactam-resistant mutants also maintained OmpK36 alterations, but mutations in KPC were much less frequent compared with those selected with imipenem alone. Genetic and biochemical characterization of the KPC derivatives identified in the resistant mutants confirmed their role in carbapenem resistance. Our data positions imipenem/relebactam as an attractive therapeutic option for combating ceftazidime/avibactam-resistant KPC-producing K. pneumoniae infections.
Pavlo Tsyhenko
Municipal economy of cities · 2025
The article presents a comprehensive study of urban agglomerations as a multifaceted form of spatial organization of territories, which plays a key role in ensuring sustainable development, efficient use of resources and spatial coherence. The relevance of the study is due to the urgent need to adapt Ukrainian cities to the challenges of decentralization, digitalization, military destruction and strengthening of regional policy, where agglomerations play the function of centers of concentration of human, economic and infrastructure potential. The problem is posed by the lack of a coherent scientific approach to the interpretation of urban agglomerations, the vagueness of the legal status of such entities in Ukraine and the fragmentation of institutional mechanisms for their management. The purpose of the study is to systematize modern scientific approaches to understanding the essence of urban agglomerations, outline their structural organization and determine the main historical stages of formation. The object of the study is urban agglomerations as a form of spatial urban organization, the subject is structural and functional characteristics, stages of development and features of the Ukrainian context. The methodological basis is: typological analysis,structural and logical modeling, historical and genetic method, comparative analysis, as well as source analysis of current publications. In the process of the study: approaches to defining the concept of "urban agglomeration" were systematized; the structure of agglomerations was characterized and key components were identified; historical and modern stages of development were identified; the situation in Ukraine was analyzed and directions for further research were proposed. The conclusions emphasize the need for regulatory regulation, intermunicipal coordination and the application of digital management technologies for the formation of effective, sustainable and inclusive agglomerations. The results of the study can be used in the system of strategic planning, state regional policy and professional training in the field of urban planning and public administration.
Aleksandra Łuczak, Klara Cermakova, Sławomir Kalinowski et al.
Sustainable Development · 2025
ABSTRACT The growing importance of sustainable development and improved living standards has created a need for comprehensive methods to assess these concepts in a consistent manner across different regions. Despite widespread discussion in the scientific and policy communities, there is no standardised model for their measurement. The aim of this study is to present a methodological approach for determining the development position of territorial units in terms of sustainable development and living standards of the population. A new approach is proposed, integrating the modified positional TOPSIS method and bilinear ordering, to assess the levels of sustainable development and living standards of territorial units and to determine their development positions along with possible development scenarios. This approach was applied to evaluate European countries in 2021, based on statistical data from Eurostat. The results showed different levels of sustainable development and living standards among the countries evaluated. This study makes a significant contribution to the literature by providing a comprehensive framework for assessing sustainable development and standard of living at the territorial level. The results provide valuable insights for policy makers in designing strategies and policies to promote sustainable development and improve standard of living. Furthermore, the methodology proposed in this study can be adapted and applied in different regional and contextual analyses, making it a versatile tool for future research in this area.
Gracinda M. M. Sanches-Fernandes, Gianmaria Califano, Tina Keller-Costa et al.
Microbiology Resource Announcements · 2021
We present the genome sequence of Vibrio jasicida 20LP, a bacterial strain retrieved from larvae of gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata ), a highly valuable, model fish species in land-based aquaculture. Annotation of the V. jasicida 20LP genome reveals multiple genomic features potentially underpinning opportunistic associations with diverse marine animals.
Gabriel Torrens, Sara Belén Hernández, Juan Alfonso Ayala et al.
mSystems · 2019
The extensive use of β-lactam antibiotics and the bacterial adaptive capacity have led to the apparently unstoppable increase of antimicrobial resistance, one of the current major global health challenges. In the leading nosocomial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa , the mutation-driven AmpC β-lactamase hyperproduction stands out as the main resistance mechanism, but the molecular cues enabling this system have remained elusive until now. Here, we provide for the first time direct and quantitative information about the soluble cell wall-derived fragments accounting for the different levels and pathways of AmpC hyperproduction. Based on these results, we propose a hierarchical model of signals which ultimately govern ampC hyperexpression and resistance.
Ceta Indra Lesmana
Multifinance · 2024
Alleviation poverty, especially among women, is a serious challenge in Indonesia. Finance microsharia emerged as a potential solution. For empowerment, women should approach sharia credit. This article discusses necessary risks noticed, like credit traffic jams, fraud, and risk reputation, in development finance microsharia. Management good risk has become a key continuity business. Apart from that, the importance of education and literacy finance, supporting the government, and partnerships with various parties in increasing the contribution of women to overcome poverty through Sharia credit is highlighted. Utilisation of the potential for zakat, waqf, and Islamic values is also a crucial aspect. Inclusionary and sustainable microfinance models are expected to positively impact women's economic empowerment. With a holistic, inclusive, and sustainable approach, it is hoped that women can play a significant role in alleviating poverty and positively impacting various layers of society in Indonesia.
Li Wang, Xuwei Han, Yu Zhang et al.
Water · 2025
This paper aims to comprehensively explore the performance and influencing factors of the constructed wetland–microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) system when treating brine with different concentrations. The main objective is to determine how different salinity levels affect the operation and treatment efficiency of the CW-MFC system. The research results show that Bruguiera gymnorrhiza exhibits strong salt tolerance and can be used as a wetland plant for the CW-MFC system. The closed-circuit CW-MFC system with planted plants has the best performance, with a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate of 84.8%, a total nitrogen (TN) removal rate of 68.12%, and a chloride ion (Cl−) removal rate of 29.96%. The maximum power density is 64.79% higher than that of the system without planted plants. The power generation performance of the system first increases and then decreases with the increase in salinity, while the internal resistance keeps decreasing. When the salinity is 2%, the power generation effect is the best, with an average output voltage of 617.3 ± 25.7 mV and a power density of 45.83 mW/m2. The removal rates of COD and TN are inhibited with the increase in salinity, while the removal rate of total phosphorus (TP) is not significantly affected. The microbial community grows well under salt stress, but its structure is different. When the salinity is 1%, the optimal distance between electrodes is 10 cm. Considering the pollutant removal performance, the optimal hydraulic retention time is 3 days, and considering the power generation performance, the optimal hydraulic retention time is 2 days. This research provides important value for improving the performance of the CW-MFC system in treating brine.
Weijie Yang, Chun Zhao, Rui Sun et al.
Frontiers in Sustainable Development · 2025
With the rapid development of the global shipping industry, the pollution of marine ecosystems caused by ship oily sewage is becoming increasingly severe, and the traditional single physical, chemical and biological treatment technology has problems such as high energy consumption, easy secondary pollution and insufficient degradation rate of emulsified oil in the treatment of ship oily water. Therefore, this study focuses on the application of dual-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs) in the field of degrading oily sewage from ships. The surface modification of carbon felt anode materials was carried out by chemical activation method, and a two-chamber MFC device was constructed to further explore the effects of different anode materials on the power production performance of MFC and the degradation effect of oily wastewater. The experimental results show that the performance of phosphoric acid-activated carbon felt is particularly outstanding, with a maximum output voltage of 676 mV, which is 25.4% higher than that of unactivated carbon felt and 52.53% higher power density. In terms of the degradation of oily wastewater, it is also significantly better than other modified materials. It has been confirmed that phosphoric acid activation can effectively improve the power generation and degradation efficiency of MFC by increasing the hydroxyl functional group on the surface of carbon felt, improving hydrophilicity and electrochemical properties, and providing a promising technical solution for the treatment of oily wastewater from ships.
Qiong Wan, Xiayin Li, Feng Wang et al.
RSC Advances · 2024
Nitrate-nitrogen pertains to the nitrogen component of the overall nitrate present in a given sample in order to reduce nitrate nitrogen pollution in water, nitrate nitrogen removal methods based on iron–carbon micro-electrolysis have become a key research focus. The process and mechanism of nitrate nitrogen removal by microbial coupling was comprehensively explored in a novel iron–carbon micro-electrolysis (ICME) system. In order to establish the transformation pathway of nitrate nitrogen in water, the transformation paths of nitrate nitrogen in water before and after coupling microorganisms in three groups of continuous flow reaction devices, namely sponge iron (s-Fe0), sponge iron + biochar (s-Fe0/BC) and sponge iron + biochar + manganese sand (s-Fe0/BC/MS), were studied. The morphology and composition changes of sponge iron were analyzed by means of characterization, and the microbial population changes in the three groups were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that the nitrate conversion rate in the s-Fe0, s-Fe0/BC and s-Fe0/BC/MS systems reached 99.48%, 99.57% and 99.36%, respectively, with corresponding ammonia nitrogen generation, rates of 3.77%, 9.34% and 11.24% and nitrogen generation rates of 95.71%, 90.23% and 88.12%. Scanning electron microscopy imaging showed that in the s-Fe0/BC and s-Fe0/BC/MS systems the surface of sponge iron was highly corroded, with granular substances in the corrosion product clusters. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis found that the relative contents of Fe2O3 in the surface oxides of sponge iron after microbial coupling were 38.02% and 71.27% in the s-Fe0/BC and s-Fe0/BC/MS systems, while the relative Fe3O4 contents were 61.98% and 28.72%, respectively. Microbial high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that the Chao and Ace index values in the s-Fe0 system were 871.89 and 880.78, while in the s-Fe0/BC system they were 1012.05 and 1017.29, and in the s-Fe0/BC/MS system were 1241.09 and 1198.29, respectively. The relative proportion of Thauera in the s-Fe0, s-Fe0/BC, and s-Fe0/BC/MS systems was 16.76%,14.25% and 10.01%, while the proportion of Acetoanaerobium was 15.36%, 13.27% and 11.11%, and the proportion of Chloroflexi was 0%, 1.11% and 2.18%, respectively. Furthermore, FAPROTAX function annotation found that the expression levels of chemoheterotrophs in the s-Fe0, s-Fe0/BC and s-Fe0/BC/MS systems were 43 316 OTU, 37 289 OTU and 34 205 OTU, while nitrate respiration expression levels were 16 230 OTU, 15 483 OTU and 9149 OTU, with nitrogen respiration expression levels of 16 328 OTU, 15 493 OTU and 9154 OTU, respectively. These findings suggest that nitrate is converted into nitrogen gas and ammonia nitrogen through the actions of the coupled system of sponge iron/biochar/manganese sand and microorganisms. The catalytic effect of MnO2 promotes the conversion of Fe2+ to Fe3+, generating more electrons, allowing denitrifying bacteria to reduce more nitrate nitrogen, effectively coupling the manganese-catalyzed ICME reaction and microbial denitrification. The micro-electrolysis system and the addition of manganese sand enhanced biodiversity within the s-Fe0/BC/MS system. The heterotrophic bacteria Thauera and Acetoanaerobium were the dominant microorganisms in all three systems, although the micro-electrolysis system with added manganese sand significantly reduced the proportion of facultative bacteria Thauera and Acetoanaerobium and promoted the growth of autotrophic Chloroflexi bacteria. The ecological functions of the three systems were mainly nitrate respiration and nitrogen respiration. By comparing the expression levels of nitrate respiration and nitrogen respiration in s-Fe0/BC and s-Fe0/BC/MS systems, it can be seen that the addition of manganese sand reduced microbial activity.
Ahmad Yaseen, Muhammad Rameez Javed, M. Z. U. Rahman et al.
2023 2nd International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical, Control, and Telecommunication Engineering (ETECTE) · 2023
Hydrogen gas has tremendous potential as environmentally acceptable energy carrier for vehicles. A cutting-edge technology called a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) can achieve sustainable and clean hydrogen production from a wide range of biomass and wastewaters. In this work, the research study has been performed on the “textile industry waste” and “dairy manure waste” to analyze the production of hydrogen gas ($H_{2}$) using solar powered MEC. The experiment is performed by adding different percentages of slurry in the textile and dairy waste (substrates) to analyze the production of hydrogen gas in both substrates. The waste is stored in the containers and an anerobic environment is created by using airtight jars. Then, Nitrogen gas is passed, and the containers are fitted with cathode and bio anode. The test samples have been tested after an interval of 20 days through gas chromatography (GC) for the quantization and comparison of the produced gas for both substrates. The obtained results conclude that textile waste produces more hydrogen gas as compared to the other substrate.
Rui Hao Peng, Xiao Jun Xu, Jun Jing An et al.
Applied Mechanics and Materials · 2014
The various affecting factors have been researched in this paper that the leaded wastewater was treated by means of the processing combined Fe-C micro-electrolysis with microbial adsorbent-flocculant. After that combined process, a greater percentage of lead removal was observed. The results showed that under the condition that initial PH of the infall wastewater is 3, the Fe/C mass ratio is 2:1, and the hydraulic retention time is 40 min for the micro electrolysis processing. The PH is 9, the microbial adsorbent-flocculant (ZX-1) dosage is 0.5g/L, and adsorption time is 90 min for subsequent microbial adsorption-flocculation. Under these optimal conditions, the removal rates of lead ion reached 99.958%,and their concentrations in wastewater were 0.042mg/L, which their ion concentrations in the outlet wastewater are under the class III of Surface Water Quality Standards (GB3838-2002) in China. That combined process achieved zero discharge of lead. It has been also showed that Pb ions are mainly removed by Fe/C micro-electrolysis, and the following microbial adsorption-flocculation excels at treating leaded wastewater of low concentration.
Santiago Alvear Méndez, Raúl Bahamonde Soria, Daniel Arboleda et al.
ECSOC 2024 · 2024
: Bioelectrochemical systems are energy-efficient devices that transform chemical energy into electrical energy or synthesize products of interest. These technologies make use of Nafion membranes that function as proton exchangers; however, these separators have some problems, such as fouling. Therefore, this research explores mixed-matrix membranes of chitosan and chitosan derivatives to determine their antimicrobial, anti-fouling, chemical stability and high-water retention properties. The results showed that these membranes could be good candidates to be used as separators in bioelectrochemical systems.
Chun Zhao, Shaojun Zhang, Qianyong Zhang et al.
Scientific Journal of Technology · 2024
In recent years, with the vigorous development of the maritime transportation industry, the resulting problem of ship oil pollution has become increasingly prominent. Efficient and thorough treatment of oily wastewater is the key to solving such problems. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology is a promising biological treatment method due to its good degradation effect, no secondary pollution, and energy recovery. In this paper, the discarded corn cob materials in nature were selected for high-temperature carbonization at 350°C, and NaOH was used to modify the modified biochar. Then, the coating technology of Ti3C2 MXene, NbC, WC, TaC and other materials was used to modify the surface of biochar, and the biochar anode material was obtained to construct a double-chamber microbial fuel cell device. The properties of the modified anode biochar materials were studied.
Xuan Guo, Ya Li Zhan, Shao Hui Guo et al.
Advanced Materials Research · 2012
A single-chambered and double-chambered microbial fuel cell (MFC) with refinery oil wastewater as its fuel was constructed respectively to investigate the feasibility of electricity generation and oil pollutants degradation using microbial fuel cell. Results indicated that the refinery oil waste water could be used as fuel in MFCs to generate electricity, the oil pollutants could be degraded by MFCs and the efficiency of double-chambered MFC was better; the main composition of pollutants in the solution influx and effluent of MFCs was changed and processes which were similar to anaerobic fermentation were proceeded.
Kang Ping Cui, Xiao Yan Cao, Song Jin
Advanced Materials Research · 2011
Constructed a two-chambered microbial fuel cell (MFC) and a similar abiotic fuel Cell----Steel fuel cell (SFC), studies the influence of elimination effect about various variables (anode material , size of salt bridge and so on) to the nitrate. The experiment indicated that the elimination efficiency of MFC to the nitrate is 71.46% equally, SFC is 67.99%, and degeneration speed of nitrate is 8mg nitrate/L/day approximately. It has confirmed that MFC and SFC is one highly effective method on elimination nitrate, and the elimination effect of MFC to nitrate is better than SFC.
Zhongyi Liu, M. Minor, P. Morel et al.
Environmental Entomology · 2018
Abstract This study aimed to determine the suitability of several organic waste substrates to be processed by the larvae of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) (BSFL) in a value-added bioconversion system. Three types of organic waste (brewer's waste, solid phase of pig manure, and semidigested grass) were tested and compared with a standard larval diet, broll (wheat middling). Larval survival and growth, chemical composition of the resulting prepupae, conversion ratios of nutrients and waste dry matter, and waste reduction rate were measured. Larval survival was high in all tested substrates. Compared with the larvae fed pig manure or semidigested grass, those fed standard diet or brewer's waste showed shorter development time, higher weight gain, and higher prepupal crude protein and crude fat content. BSFL also reduce more dry matter in the standard diet or in brewer's waste than in the other two substrates. On the other hand, larvae fed semidigested grass took 70 d to complete development and suffered fat loss. Thus, we suggest that brewer's waste is the most suitable substrate among the selected wastes for being processed by BSFL, whereas semidigested grass is an unsuitable substrate. We found that lignin had a significantly negative effect on larval growth, and emphasized the importance of applying lignindigesting microorganisms to lignin-rich substrates being converted by BSFL. Moreover, a protein:fat:digestible carbohydrate ratio of 2:1:2 was hypothesized to benefit larval development.
Rajeev Ravindran, S. Hassan, Gwilym A. Williams et al.
Bioengineering · 2018
Agro-industrial waste is highly nutritious in nature and facilitates microbial growth. Most agricultural wastes are lignocellulosic in nature; a large fraction of it is composed of carbohydrates. Agricultural residues can thus be used for the production of various value-added products, such as industrially important enzymes. Agro-industrial wastes, such as sugar cane bagasse, corn cob and rice bran, have been widely investigated via different fermentation strategies for the production of enzymes. Solid-state fermentation holds much potential compared with submerged fermentation methods for the utilization of agro-based wastes for enzyme production. This is because the physical–chemical nature of many lignocellulosic substrates naturally lends itself to solid phase culture, and thereby represents a means to reap the acknowledged potential of this fermentation method. Recent studies have shown that pretreatment technologies can greatly enhance enzyme yields by several fold. This article gives an overview of how agricultural waste can be productively harnessed as a raw material for fermentation. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of studies conducted in the production of different commercially important enzymes using lignocellulosic food waste has been provided.
T. Fowles, C. Nansen
Food Waste Management · 2019
Fowles and Nansen’s chapter discusses insect-based bioconversion. When insects are mass produced under controlled conditions, they can break down significant quantities of food waste. Further, as the insects consume this waste, they produce multiple valuable commodities, such as insect biomass (proteins, lipids), pharmaceuticals, biofuels, lubricants, and fertilizer from their excrement. This process is called bioconversion and will be a serious contender among food waste treatment options in the coming decades. Insect bioconversion is gaining traction both as a research topic and as a business opportunity. Fowles and Nansen discuss both the need to increase capacity and to maximize the potential benefits of using insects as bioconverters of food waste. They provide both theoretical and practical solutions for expanding insect-based bioconversion to food waste streams.
Wenze Guo, Jiakun Xu, Sheng-Tao Wu et al.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2021
The treatment of environmental pollutants such as synthetic dyes and lignin has received much attention, especially for biotechnological treatments using both native and artificial metalloenzymes. In this study, we designed and engineered an efficient peroxidase using the O2 carrier myoglobin (Mb) as a protein scaffold by four mutations (F43Y/T67R/P88W/F138W), which combines the key structural features of natural peroxidases such as the presence of a conserved His-Arg pair and Tyr/Trp residues close to the heme active center. Kinetic studies revealed that the quadruple mutant exhibits considerably enhanced peroxidase activity, with the catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) comparable to that of the most efficient natural enzyme, horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Moreover, the designed enzyme can effectively decolorize a variety of synthetic organic dyes and catalyze the bioconversion of lignin, such as Kraft lignin and a model compound, guaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether (GGE). As analyzed by HPLC and ESI-MS, we identified several bioconversion products of GGE, as produced via bond cleavage followed by dimerization or trimerization, which illustrates the mechanism for lignin bioconversion. This study indicates that the designed enzyme could be exploited for the decolorization of textile wastewater contaminated with various dyes, as well as for the bioconversion of lignin to produce more value-added products.
E. Park, J. Ha, S. Lim et al.
Journal of Dairy Science · 2021
This study developed postbiotics with whey bioconversion product produced by Enterococcus faecalis M157 KACC 81148BP, and mixed whey bioconversion products produced by E. faecalis M157 KACC 81148BP and Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis CAU2013 KACC 81152BP to alleviate periodontitis (PD) and to improve gut health. The powdered whey bioconversion product (EF) produced by E. faecalis M157 KACC 81148BP, mixed whey bioconversion products (EF+LL) from E. faecalis M157 KACC 81148BP and L. lactis CAU2013 KACC 81152BP, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; control) were administered orally to PD-induced rats for 8 wk. Infiltration of inflammatory cells and epithelial proliferation in periodontal tissue were found in control, but the lesions were reduced in PD+EF group (administration of EF to PD-induced rats), and no lesions were observed in PD+EF+LL group (administration of EF+LL to PD-induced rats). The bone loss volumes in PD+EF and PD+EF+LL groups were lower than in control. Cytokine production levels related to inflammation were lower and antioxidative stress markers were higher in PD+EF and PD+EF+LL groups than in control for both periodontal tissue and gut. The ratios of Lactobacillus spp. in gut microbiome of PD+EF and PD+EF+LL groups were higher than in control. These results indicate that the whey bioconversion product produced by E. faecalis M157 KACC 81148BP, and mixed whey bioconversion products produced by E. faecalis M157 KACC 81148BP and L. lactis CAU2013 KACC 81152BP are effective on relieving periodontitis and improving the gut health.
Ja Kyong Ko, T. Enkh-Amgalan, Gyeongtaek Gong et al.
GCB Bioenergy · 2020
Lignocellulosic biomass has considerable potential for the production of fuels and chemicals as a promising alternative to conventional fossil fuels. However, the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to desired products must be improved to reach economic viability. One of the main technical hurdles is the presence of inhibitors in biomass hydrolysates, which hampers the bioconversion efficiency by biorefinery microbial platforms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae in terms of both production yields and rates. In particular, acetic acid, a major inhibitor derived from lignocellulosic biomass, severely restrains the performance of engineered xylose‐utilizing S. cerevisiae strains, resulting in decreased cell growth, xylose utilization rate, and product yield. In this study, the robustness of XUSE, one of the best xylose‐utilizing strains, was improved for the efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into bioethanol under the inhibitory condition of acetic acid stress. Through adaptive laboratory evolution, we successfully developed the evolved strain XUSAE57, which efficiently converted xylose to ethanol with high yields of 0.43–0.50 g ethanol/g xylose even under 2–5 g/L of acetic stress. XUSAE57 not only achieved twofold higher ethanol yields but also improved the xylose utilization rate by more than twofold compared to those of XUSE in the presence of 4 g/L of acetic acid. During fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysate, XUSAE57 simultaneously converted glucose and xylose with the highest ethanol yield reported to date (0.49 g ethanol/g sugars). This study demonstrates that the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass by an engineered strain could be significantly improved through adaptive laboratory evolution for acetate tolerance, which could help realize the development of an economically feasible lignocellulosic biorefinery to produce fuels and chemicals.