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Abstract

The characterization of chemically modified sensors and biosensors is commonly performed by cyclic voltammetry and electron microscopies, which allow verifying electrode mechanisms and surface morphologies. Among other techniques, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) plays a unique role in giving access to qualitative, quantitative/semi-quantitative and speciation information concerning the sensor surface. Nevertheless, XPS remains rather underused in this field. The aim of this paper is to review selected articles which evidence the useful performances of XPS in characterizing the top surface layers of chemically modified sensors and biosensors. A concise introduction to X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy gives to the reader the essential background. The application of XPS for characterizing sensors suitable for food and environmental analysis is highlighted.

Keywords

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopyCharacterization (materials science)BiosensorNanotechnologyCyclic voltammetryAnalytical Chemistry (journal)Materials scienceElectrodeChemistryChemical engineeringPhysical chemistryEnvironmental chemistryElectrochemistry

Identifiers

DOI
10.3390/chemosensors3020070
Journal
Chemosensors
Year
2015