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This review examines microbial electrochemical technologies (MET) as sustainable alternatives for groundwater remediation of organic contaminants (aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons), inorganic metals (uranium, chromium, arsenic, selenium), and nutrients (nitrates, ammonium, sulfates). MET platforms operate as microbial fuel cells (MFC) or microbial electrolysis cells (MEC), using electroactive bacteria to catalyze pollutant oxidation or reduction. Applications span in situ electrode implantation and ex situ treatment plants, with demonstrated removal rates competitive with conventional bioremediation while offering lower chemical consumption and selective electron donor/acceptor dosing.

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Abstract

Summary Groundwater pollution is a serious worldwide concern. Aromatic compounds, chlorinated hydrocarbons, metals and nutrients among others can be widely found in different aquifers all over the world. However, there is a lack of sustainable technologies able to treat these kinds of compounds. Microbial electro‐remediation, by the means of microbial electrochemical technologies ( MET ), can become a promising alternative in the near future. MET can be applied for groundwater treatment in situ or ex situ , as well as for monitoring the chemical state or the microbiological activity. This document reviews the current knowledge achieved on microbial electro‐remediation of groundwater and its applications.

Keywords

Environmental remediationGroundwaterAquiferContaminated groundwaterGroundwater remediationHuman health

Identifiers

DOI
10.1111/1751-7915.12866
Journal
Microbial Biotechnology
Year
2018