Biohybrids for sustainable chemical synthesis

Abstract

Amid rising global energy demands and mounting environmental challenges, the development of sustainable chemical synthesis technologies has become increasingly imperative. Biohybrid synthesis systems present a promising pathway by integrating abiotic materials capable of harnessing diverse energy sources—including direct current electricity, solar radiation, hydrovoltaic, and mechanical energy—to generate excited electrons that drive the metabolic activities of various biological components. This review first examines recent advances in microbial electrosynthesis (MES) technologies that utilize poised electrodes to replicate the activated abiotic materials capable to excite electrons. Special emphasis is placed on the structural limitations of biocathodes and innovations in formate-mediated electrocatalytic–biocatalytic tandem systems. Additionally, the review highlights progress in semi-artificial photosynthetic systems that utilize whole cells to directly capture solar energy for the biosynthesis of value-added chemicals. Emerging frontiers in biohybrid design are also explored, with a focus on the incorporation of hydrovoltaic and piezoelectric materials. The review further underscores the critical importance of understanding the interactions between abiotic materials and microbial systems, and discusses the potential of alternative energy modalities for constructing biohybrids, along with their applications in diverse environmental contexts. In conclusion, this work offers timely insights into cutting-edge technologies at the intersection of energy and environmental science, contributing to the advancement of sustainable chemical synthesis for a more resilient future.

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Identifiers

DOI

10.48130/een-0025-0002

Journal

Energy &amp Environment Nexus

Year

2025