PEM Fuel Cell Retrofit Solutions for Marine Industry

Abstract

Although international shipping is critical to global trade, maritime transport is a major source of air pollution, including greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Despite progress in recent years, the maritime sector still relies almost entirely on fossil fuels. At present, atmospheric emissions fossil fuel powered ships include sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and carbon dioxide (CO2). According to the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the United Nations agency responsible for preventing air pollution by ships, maritime shipping is responsible for 18 to 30% of NOx, 9% of SOx, and 3.5-4 % of CO2 emissions worldwide. In addition, the maritime risk management and environmental assessment organization RightShip projects, that if no abatement action is taken, global CO2 emissions may increase 50 to 250% by 2050 because of shipping growth. In April 2018, the IMO adopted a non-binding agreement to reduce CO2 emissions. Suggested carbon reduction strategies include improving fuel quality and engine emission standards as well as using new technologies, such as fuel cells.

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Identifiers

DOI

10.2118/217036-ms

Journal

ADIPEC

Year

2023