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This review examines the critical role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) as a central regulator of gene expression in plants, paralleling classical epigenetic mechanisms. Focusing on insights from Arabidopsis, it characterizes m6A distribution and regulatory components to understand their functions in development and stress responses. The paper concludes by highlighting the potential of targeting the epitranscriptome for crop improvement and yield enhancement.

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Abstract

Epitranscriptomics, the study of dynamic and site-specific RNA modifications, has emerged as a crucial layer of gene regulation in plants, paralleling the role of classical epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA and histone modifications. Among these, N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A) has been identified as a central mark involved in the control of the delicate gene expression patterns during plant development and stress responses. This review highlights recent advances in characterizing m 6 A distribution, identifying its regulatory components, and deciphering its molecular functions, with an emphasis on insights from Arabidopsis . We further explore its roles in developmental transitions, environmental adaptation, and epigenetic plasticity. By elucidating the multilayered functions of m 6 A, we underscore its application as a target for crop improvement with epitranscriptome-based yield enhancement and programmable gene editing, offering new frontiers for precision agriculture.

Key findings

  • m6A is identified as a central mark controlling gene expression patterns during plant development and stress responses.
  • Recent advances have successfully characterized m6A distribution and identified its specific regulatory components in plants.
  • The epitranscriptome offers new frontiers for programmable gene editing and yield enhancement in crops.

Keywords

EpigeneticsDNA methylationHistoneGene expressionComputational biologyRegulation of gene expression

Identifiers

DOI
10.1146/annurev-arplant-070225-033859
Journal
Annual Review of Plant Biology
Year
2026