Investigation of Fuel Cells under Transient (Dynamic) Conditions to Improve the Efficiency of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells in Dead-Ended Anode Mode: Review Article

Abstract

Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) operating in Dead-Ended Anode (DEA) mode present a promising alternative to traditional flow-through systems by simplifying design and reducing costs. However, their efficiency and durability are challenged by transient phenomena such as water accumulation, nitrogen buildup, and carbon corrosion throughout operation. This review investigates the dynamic behavior of DEA PEMFCs under dynamic operating states, aiming to improve their efficiency. By analyzing purge cycle optimization and transient response characteristics, we identify strategies to mitigate hydrogen loss, maintain voltage stability, and extend stack lifetime. The key findings indicate that precise purge scheduling and effective water management are critical for optimizing performance, with dynamic models providing insights into time-dependent processes. This study underscores the potential of DEA PEMFCs for high-efficiency applications provided transient effects are effectively managed.

Key findings

• ▸Precise purge scheduling is critical for optimizing performance.
• ▸Effective water management is essential for maintaining voltage stability.
• ▸Dynamic models provide insights into time-dependent processes that can help extend stack lifetime.

Keywords

Identifiers

DOI

10.29328/journal.acee.1001075

Journal

Annals of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Year

2025