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This paper models, analyzes, and experimentally validates the association between a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and DC-DC power converters using a robust and anti-windup PID controller.

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System
MFC

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Abstract

Based on full and rigorous study, this paper addresses the issue of ensuring a feasible association in practice between a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and DC-DC power converters including a buck and boost converter. This association is mathematically modeled, analyzed, and controlled by an optimal PID controller. Using absolute stability tools with a rigorous analytical approach that takes into consideration windup effects, in addition to the nonlinear behavior of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, sufficient conditions are provided to ensure that the closed-loop system is L2-stable. These conditions allow the optimal PID controller parameters to be chosen and ensure the closed-loop system stability, by tracking reference outputs, and an optimal performance against perturbations. Formal analysis, numerical simulations, and experimental validation were carried out to verify that the PID controller designed with an anti-windup action is robust and meets all of the pre-defined objectives. Moreover, this study demonstrates that the association between the PEMFC and the DC-DC converters is achieved if only certain conditions are met.

Key findings

  • The association between PEMFC and DC-DC converters is feasible with certain conditions.
  • The optimal PID controller parameters ensure L2-stability of the closed-loop system.
  • The anti-windup action of the PID controller meets all pre-defined objectives.

Keywords

PID controllerControl theory (sociology)Proton exchange membrane fuel cellConvertersPower (physics)Multivariable calculus

Identifiers

DOI
10.3390/electronics9111889
Journal
Electronics
Year
2020