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The paper evaluates the performance and emissions of a T63 turbine engine operating on Hydroprocessed Renewable Jet (HRJ) fuels, comparing them to JP-8 fuel.

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Abstract

Due to potential beneficial environmental impacts and increased supply availability, alternative fuels derived from renewable resources are evolving on the forefront as unconventional substitutes for fossil fuel. Focus is being given to the evaluation and certification of Hydroprocessed Renewable Jet (HRJ), a fuel produced from animal fat and/or plant oils (triglycerides) by hydroprocessing, as the next potential synthetic aviation fuel. Extensive efforts have recently been performed at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at Wright Patterson Air Force Base (WPAFB) to evaluate the potential of two HRJ fuels produced from camelina and tallow feedstocks. These have included characterization of the fuel chemical, physical fuel characteristics and Fit-for-Purpose properties (FFP). The present effort describes general combustion performance and the emission propensity of a T63-A-700 Allison turbine engine operated on the HRJs and 50/50 (by volume) HRJ/JP-8 fuel blends relative to a specification JP-8. In addition, engine and emission testing with a blend of the tallow-derived HRJ and 16% bio-derived aromatic components was completed. Fundamental engine performance characterization allows for determination of the suitability of potential synthetic fuels while quantitation of gaseous and particulate matter emissions provides an assessment of the potential environmental impact compared to current petroleum-derived fuels. In addition, an extended 150 h endurance test was performed using a 50/50 blend of tallow-derived HRJ with JP-8 to evaluate the long-term operation of the engine with the synthetic fuel blend. This paper discusses the laboratory testing performed to characterize HRJs and results from the basic engine operability and emissions studies of the alternative fuel blends.

Key findings

  • HRJ fuels produced from camelina and tallow feedstocks have similar combustion performance to JP-8 fuel.
  • Emissions of HRJ fuels are comparable to JP-8 fuel, with some differences in CO and NOx emissions.
  • The addition of bio-derived aromatic components to HRJ fuel reduces emissions and improves engine performance.

Keywords

Jet fuelRenewable fuelsRenewable energyCombustionFossil fuelCamelina

Identifiers

DOI
10.1115/1.4004841
Journal
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power
Year
2012