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A regenerative hydrogen-chlorine fuel cell model was developed to analyze performance characteristics, identifying dominant voltage loss mechanisms and design targets for high-efficiency operation.

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What they did

System
MEC

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Abstract

We develop a model for a regenerative hydrogen-chlorine fuel cell including four voltage loss mechanisms: hydrogen electrode activation, chlorine electrode activation, chlorine electrode mass transport, and ohmic loss through the membrane. The dependencies of each of these losses as a function of two "operating parameters", acid concentration and temperature; and five ``engineering parameters", exchange current densities at both electrodes, membrane thickness, acid diffusion layer thickness, and cell pressure, are explored. By examining this large parameter space, we predict the design target and ultimate limitations to the performance characteristics of this cell. We identify chlorine electrode activation as the dominant contribution to the loss for low current density, high-efficiency operation and membrane resistance as the dominant contribution to the loss at maximum galvanic power density. We conclude that a "dream" cell should be attainable with further research that operates at greater than 90% voltage efficiency at current densities >1A/cm².

Key findings

  • Chlorine electrode activation is the dominant contribution to loss at low current density and high-efficiency operation.
  • Membrane resistance is the dominant contribution to loss at maximum galvanic power density.
  • A 'dream' cell with >90% voltage efficiency at >1A/cm² is attainable with further research.

Keywords

ElectrodeProton exchange membrane fuel cellHydrogenCurrent densityEnergy storageChlorine

Identifiers

DOI
10.1149/1.3645176
Journal
ECS Transactions
Year
2011