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A biogenic process using Citrobacter sp. was developed to synthesize palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) as an environmentally-friendly alternative to chemically synthesized PdNPs. The Bio-PdNPs were characterized using SEM, EDS, and XRD and showed enhanced anode performance in a Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC).

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What they did

System
MFC
Substrate
pure compound

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Abstract

Palladium (Pd) is a cheap and effective electrocatalyst that is capable of replacing platinum (Pt) in various applications. However, the problem in using chemically synthesized Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs) is that they are mostly fabricated using toxic chemicals under severe conditions. In this study, we present a more environmentally-friendly process in fabricating biogenic Pd nanoparticles (Bio-PdNPs) using Citrobacter sp. isolated from wastewater sludge. Successful fabrication of Bio-PdNPs was achieved under anaerobic conditions at pH six and a temperature of 30 °C using sodium formate (HCOONa) as an electron donor. Citrobacter sp. showed biosorption capabilities with no enzymatic contribution to Pd(II) uptake during absence of HCOONa in both live and dead cells. Citrobacter sp. live cells also displayed high enzymatic contribution to the removal of Pd(II) by biological reduction. This was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) characterization, which revealed the presence Bio-PdNPs deposited on the bacterial cells. The bio-PdNPs successfully enhanced the anode performance of the Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC). The MFC with the highest Bio-PdNPs loading (4 mg Bio-PdNP/cm2) achieved a maximum power density of 539.3 mW/m³ (4.01 mW/m²) and peak voltage of 328.4 mV.

Key findings

  • Citrobacter sp. showed biosorption capabilities with no enzymatic contribution to Pd(II) uptake in the absence of sodium formate (HCOONa).
  • Citrobacter sp. live cells displayed high enzymatic contribution to the removal of Pd(II) by biological reduction.
  • The bio-PdNPs successfully enhanced the anode performance of the Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC).

Keywords

Microbial fuel cellNuclear chemistryAnodeElectrocatalystPalladiumFormate

Identifiers

DOI
10.3390/catal10080838
Journal
Catalysts
Year
2020