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The study evaluates the environmental impact of a 700 W PEMFC-CGS considering cathode catalyst degradation, showing a 11-26% decrease in daily power generation and a 5% increase in annual global warming value over 10 years.

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What they did

System
MFC

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Abstract

Recently, fuel cell combined heat and power systems (FC-CGSs) for residential applications have received increasing attention. The International Electrotechnical Commission has issued a technical specification (TS 62282-9-101) for environmental impact assessment procedures of FC-CGSs based on the life cycle assessment, which considers global warming during the utilization stage and abiotic depletion during the manufacturing stage. In proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), platinum (Pt) used in the catalyst layer is a major contributor to abiotic depletion, and Pt loading affects power generation performance. In the present study, based on TS 62282-9-101, we evaluated the environmental impact of a 700 W scale PEMFC-CGS considering cathode catalyst degradation. Through Pt dissolution and Ostwald ripening modeling, the electrochemical surface area transition of the Pt catalyst was calculated. As a result of the 10-year evaluation, the daily power generation of the PEMFC-CGS decreased by 11% to 26%, and the annual global warming value increased by 5% due to the increased use of grid electricity. In addition, when Pt loading was varied between 0.2 mg/cm² and 0.4 mg/cm², the 10-year global warming values were reduced by 6.5% to 7.8% compared to the case without a FC-CGS.

Key findings

  • The cathode catalyst degradation leads to a decrease in daily power generation of the PEMFC-CGS.
  • The annual global warming value increases by 5% due to the increased use of grid electricity.
  • Pt loading affects power generation performance, with a 0.2-0.4 mg/cm² variation showing significant impact.

Keywords

Proton exchange membrane fuel cellElectricity generationLife-cycle assessmentHeat generationDegradation (telecommunications)Nuclear engineering

Identifiers

DOI
10.3390/en16041985
Journal
Energies
Year
2023