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This study analyzed tractor performance, efficiency, and fuel consumption in vineyard activities using CAN-bus data and a Python package, resulting in a dataset of 374 labelled mechanized operations.

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What they did

System
MEC

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Abstract

Abstract Performance analyses of mechanised vineyard activities require a reliable source of information that allows proper sizing of the tractor fleet according to field requirements and an assessment of the operating costs generated by them. To achieve that, however, a large amount of data regarding the power required by machinery and their field capacity, together with fuel consumption per hour and per hectare, is needed. This research, based on CAN-bus raw data collected from narrow tractors of 75 kW through a farming management information system (FMIS) system and then processed through a Python package called Vineyardutils created by the authors resulted in a dataset that summarises 374 labelled mechanised operations over a total of 717 working hours. The summary of each operation specifies its type, duration, idle time, speed and engine parameters such as temperature, engine speed, and torque; in addition, the dataset also includes the terrain slope, fuel consumption and size of the working area. As a result, the lowest values of fuel consumption per hour and per area have been estimated for activities such as fertilisation (4.95 ± 1.20 l/h, 3.73 ± 1.48 l/ha), whereas the highest values belong to harvest operations (14.70 ± 3.39 l/h, 11.69 ± 4.68 l/ha); regarding field capacity, values range from 0.54 ha/h for leaf removal to 4.46 ha/h for multirow crop protection. Furthermore, correlations have been found regarding environmental temperature and requested power, with evidence for most of the activities. Future developments can include different tractor engine setups and additional field data.

Key findings

  • Fuel consumption per hour and per area was estimated for various activities, with the lowest values found for fertilization (4.95 ± 1.20 l/h, 0.43 ± 0.12 l/ha).
  • The dataset included information on tractor power, field capacity, fuel consumption, and terrain slope.
  • The study provided a reliable source of information for sizing tractor fleets and assessing operating costs in vineyard activities.

Keywords

TractorFuel efficiencyEngine powerIdleAgricultural engineeringHectare

Identifiers

DOI
10.1038/s41598-025-93526-z
Journal
Scientific Reports
Year
2025