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International MES research in recreation with focus on sports-recreation. Applications of bio-oil are limited by its challenging properties including high moisture content, low pH, high viscosit...

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Abstract

Applications of bio-oil are limited by its challenging properties including high moisture content, low pH, high viscosity, high oxygen content, and low heating value. Separation of switchgrass bio-oil components by adding water, organic solvents (hexadecane and octane), and sodium hydroxide may help to overcome these issues. Acetic acid and phenolic compounds were extracted in aqueous and organic phases, respectively. Polar chemicals, such as acetic acid, did not partition in the organic solvent phase. Acetic acid in the aqueous phase after extraction is beneficial for a microbial-electrolysis-cell application to produce hydrogen as an energy source for further hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil. Organic solvents extracted more chemicals from bio-oil in combined than in sequential extraction; however, organic solvents partitioned into the aqueous phase in combined extraction. When sodium hydroxide was added to adjust the pH of aqueous bio-oil, organic-phase precipitation occurred. As the pH was increased, a bi...

Keywords

Acetic acidAqueous solutionAqueous two-phase systemSodium hydroxideExtraction (chemistry)Organic acid

Identifiers

DOI
10.1021/ACS.ENERGYFUELS.5B02537
Journal
Energy & Fuels
Year
2016