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MFC research in bacteria, performance. Azo dyes are prevalent anthropogenic compounds, making their enhanced treatment crucial in o...

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Literature priors

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What they did

System
MFC

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Abstract

Azo dyes are prevalent anthropogenic compounds, making their enhanced treatment crucial in our color-saturated world. This study examined the ability of a microbial consortium, comprising Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MW584979), Enterobacter hormaechei (MW584986), Providencia stuartii (MW584987), Escherichia coli (MZ394117), and Pseudomonas xiamenensis (MW585052), to decolorize Sudan orange G in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) after determining the optimal conditions for dye decoorization using response surface methodology (RSM) and the One Factor at a Time (OFAT) method. Degradation products were analyzed using the gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy technique. The consortium achieved an 88% decolorization rate within 24 hours under the optimal conditions identified by the Central Composite Design (CCD) of RSM. These conditions, pH 7.0, temperature 35, salinity 5 g/L, and glucose concentration 10 g/L, when applied in the MFC, resulted in an enhanced decolorization rate of 92% and simultaneous electricity generation of 130 mV within 24 hours. GC-MS analysis confirmed the breakdown of the azo dye into simpler, less toxic compounds. Metabolites produced through RSM and MFC processes were identified and compared with controls using chromatography-mass spectrometry. Degradation metabolites obtained after treatment of the dye wastewater in the MFC include Cyclopentane and cyclopropylidene-2(1H)-naphthalenone which highlights the role of microbial enzymatic activity in converting complex azo dye structures into environmentally benign compounds. These results highlight the successful integration of RSM for process optimization and MFCs for enhanced biodegradation and renewable energy production. The scalability of this technique is promising, given the relatively simple and cost-effective setup of MFC systems. Moreover, the economic feasibility of large-scale deployment is enhanced by the dual benefits of wastewater treatment and renewable energy production, making it a sustainable solution for managing azo dye pollution. Article history: Received 7 August 2024; Revised 3 December 2024;Accepted 22 May 2025; Available online 25 June 2025

Keywords

Microbial fuel cellDual (grammatical number)Single chamberElectricity generationElectricityWaste management

Identifiers

DOI
10.24193/subbbiol.2025.1.05
Journal
Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Biologia
Year
2025