MESSAI.iO

AI summary

75% confidence

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) presents significant diagnostic challenges due to the limitations of current markers like galactomannan and imaging, particularly for immunocompromised patients. This study investigates the synergistic roles of S100A12 and Pentraxin 3, two innate immune molecules that are abnormally expressed in IPA, as potential biomarkers to address early diagnosis and therapeutic window issues.

Generated by MESSAI extraction pipeline · review against source PDF

Extraction

Reported parameters

34 extracted values

View extracted values

No 3D model is mapped to this paper yet. Parameter ranges above still place reported values on the literature distribution.

Abstract

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a severe deep-seated fungal infection caused by fungi of the genus Aspergillus . In recent years, its global incidence has shown a marked upward trend, posing a serious threat especially to immunocompromised patients, such as hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, and individuals on long-term glucocorticoid therapy. The core clinical dilemmas lie in the difficulty of early diagnosis and the narrow therapeutic window. Currently used clinical diagnostic indicators, including the galactomannan (GM) assay, (1,3)-β-D-glucan(G) assay, and imaging examinations, suffer from insufficient sensitivity or specificity, while traditional microbiological detection methods have a relatively long turnaround time. S100 calcium-binding protein A12 (S100A12) and Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) are both key molecules in the innate immune response of the human body, playing central roles in the immune regulation of infectious diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that both molecules are abnormally expressed in IPA patients and may participate in the processes of Aspergillus infection recognition, immune clearance, and inflammatory regulation through synergistic effects, thereby providing new directions for the early diagnosis, disease assessment, and targeted therapy of IPA. This review will systematically elaborate on the molecular characteristics of S100A12 and PTX3, explore their synergistic mechanism and combined diagnostic value in IPA, and analyze their prospects for clinical application.

Key findings

  • IPA incidence is rising globally, posing severe risks to immunocompromised populations such as transplant recipients and chemotherapy patients.
  • Existing diagnostic methods including galactomannan assays and imaging suffer from insufficient sensitivity or specificity and long turnaround times for microbiological detection.
  • S100A12 and Pentraxin 3 are key innate immune molecules that show abnormal expression in IPA patients, suggesting their potential utility as combined biomarkers.

Keywords

ImmunologyImmune systemAspergillosisInnate immune systemDiseaseMechanism (biology)

Identifiers

DOI
10.3389/fcimb.2026.1767035
Journal
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Year
2026