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The study evaluated the morphophysiological response of four peach rootstock genotypes to inoculation with microbial bioinputs and controlled-release fertilization, finding that nutrient availability is the primary limiting factor. Microbial bioinputs did not compensate for the absence of fertilization, but strong synergism was observed under nutrient sufficiency. The new rootstock selections exhibited high performance under these conditions.

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Abstract

Abstract The production of high-quality Prunus seedling rootstocks in soilless systems requires optimizing the interaction between genetics, nutrient availability, and rhizosphere microbiology. This study evaluated the morphophysiological response of four peach rootstock genotypes (‘Capdeboscq’, “Okinawa Roxo”, “NR0060408”, and “NR0160305”) to inoculation with Trichoderma asperellum and a microbial consortium ( Bacillus amyloliquefaciens + Trichoderma harzianum ), under contrasting doses of controlled-release fertilizer (0 and 4 g dm − 3 of CRF). Longitudinal analysis (0-120 days) demonstrated that nutrient availability is the primary limiting factor; microbial bioinputs did not compensate for the absence of fertilization due to the metabolic cost of symbiosis. However, under nutrient sufficiency (4 g dm − 3 ), strong synergism was observed. The new selections (“NR0060408” and “NR0160305”) exhibited high phenotypic plasticity, maximizing the conversion of biostimulation into shoot biomass and outperforming the “Okinawa Roxo” genotype, which displayed a conservative growth strategy. The Bacillus - Trichoderma consortium was superior to single inoculation in responsive genotypes, potentiating seedling leaf area and height. Furthermore, inoculation promoted the “stay-green” effect, maintaining chlorophyll index stability until the end of the cycle. It is concluded that the use of bioinputs, especially in a consortium, acts as a metabolic catalyst in responsive genotypes, but their efficacy depends on adequate basal nutritional management.

Key findings

  • Nutrient availability is the primary limiting factor for Prunus rootstock genotypes
  • Microbial bioinputs do not compensate for the absence of fertilization due to metabolic cost
  • Strong synergism between controlled-release fertilization and microbial bioinputs is observed under nutrient sufficiency

Keywords

RootstockSeedlingRhizosphereNutrientShootRhizobacteria

Identifiers

DOI
10.1007/s00284-026-04793-6
Journal
Current Microbiology
Year
2026