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This review synthesizes microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology for simultaneous Cr(VI) remediation and energy production in subsurface environments. The authors examine Cr(VI) migration characteristics, bioelectrochemical reduction mechanisms, and factors influencing MFC performance including electrode materials, potential, pH, temperature, and oxygen content. Key recommendations include designing large-scale continuous-flow systems, optimizing electrode materials, and integrating complementary technologies to overcome laboratory-scale limitations and enable practical in situ remediation of contaminated groundwater and soils.

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Abstract

Applying microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology for eco-remediation of Cr(VI) pollution from a subsurface environment has great scientific value and practical significance due to its promising advantages of pollutant remediation and renewable energy generation. The aim of the current review is to summarize the migration characteristics of Cr(VI) in a subsurface soil/water environment and investigate the factors affecting the MFC performance for synchronous Cr(VI) remediation and power generation, and sequentially highlight diverse challenges of MFC technology for in situ remediation of subsurface groundwater and soils. The critical review put forward that Cr(VI) removal efficiency and energy production of MFC can be improved by enhancing the adjustability of cathode pH, setting potential, modifying electrode, and incorporating other technologies into MFC. It was recommended that designing typical large-scale, long-term continuous flow MFC systems, adding electron shuttle media or constructing artificial electron according to actual groundwater/soil and Cr(VI) pollution characteristics, site geology, and the hydrogeology condition (hydrochemical conditions, colloid type, and medium) are essential to overcome the limitations of the small size of the laboratory experiments and improve the application of technology to in situ Cr(VI) remediation. This review provided reference and ideas for future research of MFC-mediated onsite Cr(VI) remediation.

Keywords

Environmental remediationMicrobial fuel cellGroundwater remediationGroundwaterEnvironmental engineeringSubsurface flow

Identifiers

DOI
10.3390/en15061989
Journal
Energies
Year
2022