Biosensor Devices: A review on their biological applications

Abstract

The natural biosensors are chemical sense organs specially designed on the basis of smell and taste likewise. Biosensor is a device that detects, transmits and records information regarding physiological or biochemical changes. Basically it is the probe that integrates a biological component with an electronic transducer thereby converting biochemical signals into electrochemical, optical, acoustic and electronic ones. The function of a biosensor depends on specifi city of biological active material and the analyte to be detected such as chemical compound, antigen, microbes, hormones, nucleic acid or any subjective parameter like smell and taste. The biological sensing elements have been used as enzyme, antibody, DNA ,receptor ,organelles and micro-organism as well as animal and plant tissues. Types of biosensor includes immunosensors, microbial biosensors, whole cell based, electrochemical, optical and acoustic biosensors, which have vast applications in biomedical research, healthcare, pharmaceutical, environmental monitoring, homemade security and battlefi elds. In this review a summary of relevant aspects concerning biosensor integration in effi cient analytical setups and the latest applications of biosensors in diagnostic applications focusing on detection of molecular biomarkers in real samples is included. An overview of the current state and future trends of biosensors in this fi eld is given.

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Identifiers

DOI

10.21786/BBRC/19.1/20

Journal

Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications

Year

2016