Combined use of microalgae-bacteria-fungi symbionts with 5-deoxystrigol to increase the removal of nutrients and antibiotics from swine wastewater during different breeding periods.
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75% confidenceA microalgae-bacteria-fungi symbiotic system with 5-deoxystrigol addition effectively removes nutrients and antibiotics from swine wastewater, especially during late fattening and non-pregnant sow stages.
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Abstract
This study evaluated four microalgae-based technologies for nutrient (total nitrogen, TN; total phosphorus, TP; chemical oxygen demand, COD) and six antibiotic removal from swine wastewater across four breeding periods. Using Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa), Bacillus cereus (B. cereus), and Rhizopus oryzae (R. oryzae), we established monoculture, binary co-cultures, and tripartite co-culture (Treatment 4). Treatment 4 outperformed the other treatments in the late fattening stage and non-pregnant sow stage, achieving TN removal of 89.67 ± 5.45%, TP removal of 87.58 ± 6.64%, COD removal of 92.58 ± 4.71%, and antibiotic removal of 88.54-96.35% (P < 0.05). Adding 5-deoxystrigol (5-DS) at 10 -6 M maximized the efficiency, increasing the TN, TP, COD, and Oxytetracycline (OTC) removal efficiencies by 3.81-4.67% compared to those of the control (P < 0.05). This system provides a standardized solution for intensive treatment of swine wastewater.