Treatment of coking wastewater in a biological enhanced coupled biological fluidized bed-biological filter process: Biofilm formation and refractory organics degradation.
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75% confidenceA laboratory-scale biofilm-enhanced biological fluidized bed-biological filter system was developed to treat coking wastewater, achieving excellent treatment efficiency and complete degradation of refractory compounds.
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Abstract
Coking wastewater (CWW) contains complex, highly toxic organic compounds, posing substantial environmental risks. Conventional treatments are often ineffective in removing refractory organics, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and ammonium nitrogen (NH 4 + -N). In this study, a laboratory-scale biofilm-enhanced biological fluidized bed-biological filter (BF-BFB) system was developed for the treatment of real CWW, using a microbial consortium bioaugmented with Comamonas sp. ZF-3 as the inoculum. Preliminary comparative experiments employing different types of wastewater were conducted to evaluate the applicability of bioaugmentation, and the results demonstrated superior performance under high-concentration conditions. The BF-BFB system was then operated with high-strength influent. The integrated system showed excellent treatment efficiency, reducing COD from 858.78 to 44.21 mg/L and NH 4 + -N from 70.04 to 0.48 mg/L. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that most refractory compounds, including phenol and pyridine, were completely degraded or significantly reduced. Dense and stable biofilms formed in all reactor units within 30 days, with average thicknesses of 171 μm in the facultative anaerobic biofilter, 175 μm in the aerobic fluidized bed, and 161 μm in the anaerobic biofilter. Microbial analysis revealed Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Chlorobi as the dominant phyla. Simulated degradation experiments confirmed the high removal efficiency of phenol and pyridine, achieving nearly complete pyridine degradation. Based on the laboratory-scale findings, the BF-BFB system was successfully implemented in a full-scale coking wastewater treatment project in Yunnan, achieving COD and NH 4 + -N removal efficiencies exceeding 99%. This study provides an effective, scalable technical solution for treating coking wastewater.