Advancements in Bioelectrocatalysis for Electrochemical Ammonia Production: Integrating Enzyme‐Based Catalysis

Abstract

Bioelectrocatalysis has advanced ammonia production by integrating enzyme‐based processes into electrochemical methods, providing chemical manufacturers with a distinct alternative to the traditional Haber–Bosch process. The review discusses the latest developments in enzyme‐based electrochemical catalysis that have been shown to enhance ammonia synthesis, efficiency, and sustainability. We also discuss the development of designed bioelectrocatalysts, including nitrogenase‐inspired enzymes and engineered microbes, which enable the reduction of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia under mild conditions. Also the study highlights the most recent e‐BNF advancements, focusing on innovations that enhance efficiency and scalability. Nanomaterial integration simplifies ATP‐independent nitrogen fixation, enhancing electron transfer and ammonia production under normal conditions, while also exploring its scalability and implications for green chemistry and industrial applications as a sustainable alternative to the Haber–Bosch process. Eventually, the study discusses the scalability of these technologies and their implications for green chemistry and industrial applications, providing a comprehensive overview of current advancements and future research directions.

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Identifiers

DOI

10.1002/slct.202500224

Journal

ChemistrySelect

Year

2025