Upstream considerations for gas fermentation processes.
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70% confidenceThis paper reviews the upstream considerations for gas fermentation processes, focusing on the supply of carbon and electrical power, which is essential for providing biochemical redox potential and process energy. The authors analyze trends in CO2 point sources and low-carbon electricity systems to identify opportunities and challenges for future deployment of gas fermentation. The review synthesizes current knowledge and highlights key R&D priorities for process integration at industrial scale.
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Abstract
Gas fermentation enables the production of fuels, chemicals, and foods from gaseous carbon sources and could serve as a technology for valorizing carbon that may otherwise be emitted to the atmosphere. In this review, we focus on upstream feedstock considerations: the supply of carbon and the supply of electrical power. Electrical power serves a dual role, providing both process energy and biochemical redox potential (via hydrogen or reduced intermediates). We define gas fermentation as bioprocesses involving gaseous feedstocks metabolized by microbes, distinct from microbial electrosynthesis. Trends in CO 2 point sources and low-carbon electricity systems are analyzed, highlighting opportunities and challenges for future deployment. This review synthesizes current knowledge and identifies key R&D priorities for process integration at industrial scale.