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This study evaluated an integrated Constructed Wetland and Microbial Fuel Cell (CW-MFC) system using domestic greywater with two plant configurations: emergent Equisetum hyemale and floating Pistia stratiotes. The research compared five reactor setups, including variations with aeration and bacterial augmentation, to assess pollutant removal efficiency and bioelectricity generation over an 18-day batch period.

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What they did

System
MFC

What worked

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Abstract

Constructed Wetlands and Microbial Fuel Cells represent two promising low-energy technologies for domestic wastewater treatment. Their integration has the potential to enhance both pollutant removal and bioelectricity generation through combined microbial, plant-based, and electrochemical processes. This study evaluated the performance of an integrated CWMFC system operated with two plant configurations, namely the emergent species Equisetum hyemale and the floating species Pistia stratiotes. Five reactor configurations were examined: CW MFC with aeration and bacterial augmentation (CWMFC AB), CW MFC with bacterial augmentation (CWMFC B), CW MFC without augmentation (CWMFC), MFC only system, and CW only system. Each reactor with a volume of 9 liters was operated in batch mode for 18 d using domestic greywater, with monitoring conducted every three days. The CWMFC AB configuration consistently produced the greatest reductions in BOD, COD, and TAN. Emergent plant systems demonstrated stronger TAN removal than floating plant systems. Bioelectricity generation reached a maximum of 794.7 milliwatts per square meter in the emergent CWMFC AB reactor, whereas floating systems produced up to 196.5 milliwatts per square meter. These results indicate that the combined CW MFC approach supported by aeration and Lactobacillus plantarum augmentation, offers an effective strategy for decentralized wastewater treatment and energy recovery.

Key findings

  • The CWMFC configuration with both aeration and bacterial augmentation (CWMFC AB) achieved the highest reductions in BOD, COD, and Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN).
  • Emergent plant systems demonstrated superior TAN removal capabilities compared to floating plant systems.
  • Bioelectricity generation peaked at 794.7 mW/m² in the emergent CWMFC AB reactor.

Keywords

Microbial fuel cellConstructed wetlandWastewaterSewage treatmentAerationWaste management

Identifiers

DOI
10.1051/bioconf/202621613001
Journal
BIO Web of Conferences
Year
2026