Straw foam-based aerobic granular sludge (SF-AGS) for high-salinity wastewater treatment: performance, microbial communities, and adaptive mechanisms.
AI summary
75% confidenceA novel straw foam-based aerobic granular sludge (SF-AGS) was developed for high-salinity wastewater treatment, showing excellent settling performance and high biomass concentration even at 4.0% salinity.
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Abstract
Saline wastewater can cause severe damage to the natural environment, yet its physicochemical treatment methods are generally energy-intensive and costly. In this study, a novel straw foam-based aerobic granular sludge (SF-AGS) was employed to protect microbial communities from salinity stress under three experimental conditions: no salinity (R1), salinity with NaCl (R2), and salinity with NaCl + Na 2 SO 4 (R3). Results indicated that mature SF-AGS maintained excellent settling performance and high biomass concentration even at 4.0% salinity. The SF-AGS exhibited high removal efficiencies for COD, NH 4 + -N, TP and TN in both pure-salt and mixed-salt reactors, achieving approximately 91%, 80%, 30% and 75%, respectively, highlighting its high tolerance to high-salinity conditions without significant deterioration in overall performance. Gradual salinity increases substantially altered the microbial community composition, with halotolerant taxa such as Raineyella and Sphingopyxis becoming more abundant and salinity-driven shifts in nitrification processes indirectly affecting phosphorus removal under high-salinity conditions. These findings demonstrate SF-AGS exhibits robust salinity tolerance and its promising applicability for high-salinity wastewater treatment.