Discover insights from thousands of peer-reviewed papers on microbial electrochemical systems
You Li, Jing Du, Donglai Guo et al.
SAE Technical Paper Series · 2025
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The degradation of vehicle performance resulting from powertrain degradation throughout the lifecycle of alternative energy vehicles (AEVs) has consistently been a focal issue among scholars and consumers. The purpose of this paper is to utilize a one-dimensional vehicle simulation model to analyze the changes in power performance and economy of fuel cell vehicles as the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) stack degrades. In this study, a simulation model was developed based on the design parameters and vehicle architecture of a 45kW fuel cell vehicle. The 1D model was validated for accuracy using experimental data. The results indicate that as the stack performance degrades, the attenuation rate of the fuel cell engine is further amplified, with a degradation of up to 13.6% in the system's peak output power at the End of Life (EOL) state after 5000 hours. Furthermore, the level of economic performance degradation of the complete vehicle in the EOL state is dependent on the driving cycle, with higher hydrogen consumption attenuation observed under aggressive driving conditions.</div></div>
Abid Hussain, Vijaya Raghavan, Serge R. Guiot et al.
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology · 2013
Abstract BACKGROUND Electricity production in single‐anode/cathode MFCs fed with simulated synthesis gas (syngas) as the sole electron donor has recently been demonstrated. This study evaluated the ability of a multi‐anode/cathode MFC fed with syngas to achieve improved volumetric efficiency at several operating temperatures and electrode arrangements . RESULTS A maximum power density of 33 mW (normalized to the anodic compartment volume) and a coulombic efficiency ( CE ) of 43% was achieved at an operating temperature of 37°C. MFC operation at 50°C resulted in a much lower power density of 10 mW and a CE of 15%. The MFC power density was greatly impacted by the electrode arrangement and the highest power density was achieved in a three anode–two cathode ( 3A‐2C ) arrangement . CONCLUSION The multi‐electrode design enhanced the performance of a syngas‐fed MFC , which could have major economic and operational implications for designing large‐scale syngas‐fed MFCs . The MFC performance at elevated temperatures was restricted by low microbial activity, implying that a thermophilic rather than a mesophilic inoculum might be required for successful operation under thermophilic conditions. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Lei Lian, Peng Ji, Tianyu OuYang et al.
Complexity · 2020
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a renewable clean energy. Microorganisms are used as catalysts to convert the chemical energy of organic matter in the sewage into electrical energy to realize sewage treatment and recover energy at the same time. It has good development prospects. However, the output power of MFC is affected by many factors, and it is difficult to achieve a stable voltage output. For the control‐oriented single‐chamber MFC, a fuzzy integral sliding mode control is designed. The continuous adjustment of the sliding surface ensures that the system only moves on the sliding surface, which eliminates the arrival stage and improves robustness. For chattering existing in the system, the control scheme is further optimized to obtain fuzzy integral sliding mode control, and the fuzzy module adaptively adjusts the control parameters according to the system state, which effectively reduces the system chattering. Experiments prove that the control scheme reduces chattering while ensuring the stable output of the system.
Sanju Sreedharan
Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution · 2021
Zero energy technologies and sustainable energy production are the two major concerns of present day researches. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are bioreactors that extract chemical energy stored in organic compounds, into electric potential, through bio-degradation. The core reason for the high strength of effluent generated from slaughterhouses is animal blood. The current study evaluates the potential of MFC technology to reduce the pollution strength of cattle blood in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD). The current study was piloted in three stages using lab scale two chambered MFC: The first stage was to determine the best oxidising agent as compared to natural aeration from three accessible options, KMnO 4 , diffused aeration and tape grass aquatic plant. KMnO 4 was found to be the superlative with a 30% reduction in COD in 100 hrs batch reactor and a maximum power of 0.97 mW using 125 mL livestock blood. The second stage of the study optimised the concentration of KMnO 4 . At 500 mg/L KMnO 4 concentration, 50% COD removal efficiency was acquired in a batch reactor of 60 hrs with an average energy output of 1.3 mW. In the final stage on the addition of coconut shell activated carbon with an Anolyte at a rate of 40 mL/125 mL of substrate COD removal efficiency increased to 74.9%.
Fakhriah Fakhirruddin, Azura Amid, Wan Wardatul Amani Wan Salim et al.
E3S Web of Conferences · 2017
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an alternative approach in generating renewable energy by utilising bacteria that will oxidize organic or inorganic substrates, producing electrons yielded as electrical energy. Different species of exoelectrogenic bacteria capable of generating significant amount of electricity in MFC has been identified, using various organic compounds for fuel. Soil sample taken from rice paddy field is proven to contain exoelectrogenic bacteria, thus electricity generation using mixed culture originally found in the soil, and pure culture isolated from the soil is studied. This research will isolate the exoelectrogenic bacterial species in the rice paddy field soil responsible for energy generation. Growth of bacteria isolated from the MFC is observed by measuring the optical density (OD), cell density weight (CDW) and viable cell count. Mixed bacterial species found in paddy field soil generates maximum power of 77.62 μW and 0.70 mA of current. In addition, the research also shows that the pure bacterium in rice paddy field soil can produce maximum power and current at 51.32 μW and 0.28 mA respectively.
Jong Hyun Cho, Yang Gao, Seokheun Choi
Sensors · 2019
Human access to safe water has become a major problem in many parts of the world as increasing human activities continue to spill contaminants into our water systems. To guarantee the protection of the public as well as the environment, a rapid and sensitive way to detect contaminants is required. In this work, a paper-based microbial fuel cell was developed to act as a portable, single-use, on-site water quality sensor. The sensor was fabricated by combining two layers of paper for a simple, low-cost, and disposable design. To facilitate the use of the sensor for on-site applications, the bacterial cells were pre-inoculated onto the device by air-drying. To eliminate any variations, the voltage generated by the microorganism before and after the air-drying process was measured and calculated as an inhibition ratio. Upon the addition of different formaldehyde concentrations (0%, 0.001%, 0.005%, and 0.02%), the inhibition ratios obtained were 5.9 ± 0.7%, 6.9 ± 0.7%, 8.2 ± 0.6%, and 10.6 ± 0.2%, respectively. The inhibition ratio showed a good linearity with the formaldehyde concentrations at R2 = 0.931. Our new sensor holds great promise in monitoring water quality as a portable, low-cost, and on-site sensor.
Dani Permana, Herlian Eriska Putra, Djaenudin Djaenudin
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development · 2018
Sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK) was utilized as a proton exchange membrane (PEM) in Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC). The SPEEK performance in producing electricity had been observed in MFC using wastewater and glucose as substrates. The MFC with catering and tofu wastewater produced maximum power density about 0.31 mW/m2 and 0.03 mW/m2, respectively, lower that of MFC with tapioca average power density of 39.4 W/m2 over 48 h. The power density boosted because of the presence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as inoculum. The study using of S. cerevisiae and Acetobacter acetii, separately, were also conducted in with glucose as substrate. The MFC produced an average power densities were 7.3 and 6.4 mW/m2 for S. cerevisiae and A. acetii, respectively. The results of this study indicated that SPEEK membrane has the potential usage in MFCs and can substitute the commercial membrane, Nafion.Article History: Received: Juni 14th 2017; Received: Sept 25th 2017; Accepted: December 16th 2017; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Putra, H.E., Permana, D and Djaenudin, D. (2018) Preliminary Study of the Use of Sulfonated Polyether Ether Ketone (SPEEK) as Proton Exchange Membrane for Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC). International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 7(1), 7-12.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.1.7-12
Kumar Sonu, Monika Sogani, Zainab Syed et al.
ChemistrySelect · 2022
Abstract This work has examined the effect of cellulose based substrates such as rice straw and wheat straw on the treatment of Reverse osmosis (RO) reject wastewater in a single chamber microbial fuel cell (SCMFC). At a substrate concentration of 125 mg/L (125 mg of substrate in 1 L of RO reject wastewater), the two type of MFCs with rice straw and wheat straw as substrates were operated along with the third one as the control without any substrate. MFC with the wheat straw as the substrate outperformed the MFC with rice straw substrate in respect to maximum power density and total dissolved solid (TDS) removal of 127 mW/m 2 and 71.88 percent, respectively. Performance of MFC with the three concentrations of 125, 250, and 500 mg/L of the chosen substrate (wheat straw) were compared. Substrate concentration of 125 mg/L was found to be the most effective. In SCMFCs formed for both the substrates, the ohmic losses were predominant, as shown by the polarization curves.
Nasser A. M. Barakat, Mohamed Taha Amen, Rasha H. Ali et al.
Polymers · 2022
Co-doped carbon nanofiber mats can be prepared by the addition of cobalt acetate to the polyacrylonitrile/DMF electrospun solution. Wastewater obtained from food industries was utilized as the anolyte as well as microorganisms as the source in single-chamber batch mode microbial fuel cells. The results indicated that the single Co-free carbon nanofiber mat was not a good anode in the used microbial fuel cells. However, the generated power can be distinctly enhanced by using double active layers of pristine carbon nanofiber mats or a single layer Co-doped carbon nanofiber mat as anodes. Typically, after 24 h batching time, the estimated generated power densities were 10, 92, and 121 mW/m2 for single, double active layers, and Co-doped carbon nanofiber anodes, respectively. For comparison, the performance of the cell was investigated using carbon cloth and carbon paper as anodes, the observed power densities were smaller than the introduced modified anodes at 58 and 62 mW/m2, respectively. Moreover, the COD removal and Columbic efficiency were calculated for the proposed anodes as well as the used commercial ones. The results further confirm the priority of using double active layer or metal-doped carbon nanofiber anodes over the commercial ones. Numerically, the calculated COD removals were 29.16 and 38.95% for carbon paper and carbon cloth while 40.53 and 45.79% COD removals were obtained with double active layer and Co-doped carbon nanofiber anodes, respectively. With a similar trend, the calculated Columbic efficiencies were 26, 42, 52, and 71% for the same sequence.
Carlito da Costa, Hadiyanto
MATEC Web of Conferences · 2017
Microbial fuel cell is an ecological innovative technology producing bioelectricity by utilizing microbes activity. Substituent energy is produced by changing the chemical energy to electrical energy through the catalytic reaction of microorganism. The research aims to find out the potency of bioelectricity produced by microalgae microbial fuel cell technology by utilizing the combination of tapioca wastewater and microalgae cultivation. This research is conducted through the ingredients preparation stage – microalgae culture, wastewater characterization, membrane and graphite activation, and the providing of other supporting equipment. The next stage is the MMFC arrangement, while the last one is bioelectricity measurement. The result of optimal bioelectricity production on the comparison of electrode 2 : 2, the power density is 44,33 mW/m 2 on day 6, meanwhile, on that of 1 : 1, 20,18 mW/m 2 power density on day 1 is obtained. It shows that bioelectricity can be produced from the combination of tapioca wastewater and microalgae culture through the microalgae-microbial fuel cell (MMFC) technology.This research is expected to be a reference for the next research particularly the one that observes the utilizing of microalgae as the part of new and renewable energy sources.
Dong Duy Pham, Kei Cai, Luc Duc Phung et al.
Water · 2019
To obtain a high rice yield and quality for animal feed without synthetic fertilizers, an experiment with bench-scale apparatus was conducted by applying continuous irrigation with treated municipal wastewater (TWW). Uniform rice seedlings of a high-yield variety (Oryza sativa L., cv. Bekoaoba) were transplanted in five treatments to examine different TWW irrigation directions (“bottom-to-top” and “top-to-top” irrigation) and fertilization practices (with and without P-synthetic fertilizers) as well as one control that simulated the irrigation and fertilization management of normal paddy fields. The highest rice yield (14.1 t ha−1), shoot dry mass (12.9 t ha−1), and protein content in brown rice (14.6%) were achieved using bottom-to-top irrigation, although synthetic fertilizers were not applied. In addition, this subsurface irrigation system could contribute to environmental protection by removing 85–90% of nitrogen from TWW more effectively than the top-to-top irrigation, which showed a removal efficiency of approximately 63%. No accumulation of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr, and As) in the paddy soils was observed after TWW irrigation for five months, and the contents of these metals in the harvested brown rice were lower than the permissible limits recommended by international standards. A microbial fuel cell system (MFC) was installed in the cultivation system using graphite-felt electrodes to test the capacity of electricity generation; however, the electricity output was much lower than that reported in normal paddy fields. Bottom-to-top irrigation with TWW can be considered a potential practice to meet both water and nutrient demand for rice cultivation in order to achieve a very high yield and nutritional quality of cultivated rice without necessitating the application of synthetic fertilizers.
Rojas-Flores Segundo, Cabanillas-Chirinos Luis, Nélida Milly Otiniano et al.
Fermentation · 2025
The dairy industry generates large volumes of whey as a byproduct of cheese production, with a high organic load. Its untreated discharge contaminates water bodies, reduces dissolved oxygen, and damages aquatic ecosystems. In Peru, especially in the rural areas of the Andes, thousands of tons of industrial dairy waste are produced annually, representing an environmental and economic challenge. The lack of sustainable technologies for its management drives the need for innovative solutions, such as microbial fuel cells (MFCs), which combine waste treatment with renewable energy generation. This research uses MFC technology with whey as a substrate to observe its potential to generate electrical energy and treat contaminants. Three liters of whey from a dairy company in Trujillo, Peru, were used and stored at 10 °C. Each MFC contained 800 mL of whey and employed activated carbon as the anode and zinc as the cathode. A maximum voltage of 0.867 ± 0.059 V was reached, with a maximum current of 4.114 ± 0.239 mA recorded on the 11th day. The maximum power density was 1.585 ± 0.061 mW/cm2, with a current density of 4.448 A/cm2, and the internal resistance of the MFCs was 16.847 ± 0.911 Ω. The initial pH of the whey was approximately 3.0, increasing to 4.135 ± 0.264 on the 11th day, and the electrical conductivity increased from 19.101 ± 1.025 mS/cm on the first day to 170.062 ± 9.511 mS/cm on the 11th day. The oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) increased to 104.287 ± 4.058 mV at the peak of electricity generation (day 11). Additionally, a 70% reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) was achieved, dropping from 4650.52 ± 10.54 mg/L to 1400.64 ± 23.25 mg/L on the last day. Metagenomic analysis identified two dominant bacterial phyla: Bacteroidota at 48.47% and Proteobacteria at 29.83%. The most abundant families were Bacteroidaceae (38.58%) and Acetobacteraceae (33.39%). The study validates the potential of MFCs to transform whey into an energy resource, aligning with sustainability and circular economy goals, especially in regions with high dairy production, like Peru.
Marcelinus Christwardana, J. Joelianingsih, Linda Aliffia Yoshi
Reaktor · 2022
Several carbon substrates were tried, including glucose commercial, pro analysis glucose, commercial sugar, and yeast extract - peptone - d glucose (YPD) medium to improve the efficiency of the single chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC). The power production of various electron donors was investigated using baker yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Voltage and power density generation were used to establish the pattern of substrate use. In addition, electrochemical analysis of the anodic biofilm was performed. S. cervisiae was shown to successfully consume YPD medium by anode respiration with a higher power density of 18.40±1.98 mW/m2, followed by pro analysis glucose (9.41±1.15 mW/m2), commercial glucose (1.30±0.10 mW/m2), and commercial sugar (0.04±0.01 mW/m2). Furthermore, a clear relationship was established between power density generating rate and voltage output. Voltages produced were 0.16±0.02 V, 0.13±0.03 V, 0.03±0.01 V, 0.01±0.00 V for YPD medium, pro analysis glucose, commercial glucose, and commercial sugar, respectively in MFC. The weight of biofilm indicated that yeast attachment was significantly more common in YPD medium than in other MFC-operated media. This study discovered that the substrate type in the anodic compartment regulates the formation of anodic biofilm.
Fuel Cells Bulletin · 2020
German-based Enapter launched its EL 2.1 anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyser at the recent FC EXPO 2020 in Tokyo, Japan, ahead of starting series production. The company says that the new model is significantly smaller than its predecessor, and consumes 8% less energy.
Ankit Kumar, Tabassum Siddiqui, Soumya Pandit et al.
Catalysts · 2023
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) use microorganisms to break down organic matter and generate power, which is an exciting new field of research. MFCs’ power generation relies on oxygen reduction (ORR) at the cathode. However, the slow kinetics of the ORR can severely limit the performance of MFCs. Additionally, the growth of biofilm on the cathode hampers the ORR process. In order to ensure the sustainability of MFCs over time, it is crucial to employ bifunctional catalysts that can address these issues. Biogenic titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized and applied to a graphite sheet cathode in this study. Cyanobacteria, Phormidium species NCCU-104, was used to bio-fabricate titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. NPs were characterized using SEM and TEM analysis to determine their size, shape, surface morphology, and XRD. The particles had an average size of 18.11 nm, were spherical, and were well-dispersed, according to the results of the physicochemical characterization. TiO2 NPs were evaluated in MFC using different concentrations (0.5–2.5 mg/cm2) in the cathode to generate electricity and coulombic efficiency. MFC with a cathode impregnated with 2.0 mg/cm2 TiO2 NP produced maximum power density (15.2 W/m3), which was 38% more than 0.5 mg/cm2 TiO2 NP. The overall study results indicated that biogenic TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) could be an effective and low-cost catalyst in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and significantly improve biofouling. Due to its efficient and affordable contribution to the ORR, these results imply that biogenic TiO2 NPs might be a feasible alternative for improving the performance of MFCs.
Devesh Dadhich Shreeram, Daniel J Hassett, Dale W Schaefer
Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology · 2015
Abstract This report documents the first observation of a urine-powered microbial fuel cell operating with a genetically engineered bacterial strain. Under identical conditions, a pilT mutant of the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed a 2.7-fold increase in peak power density compared to the wild-type strain, PAO1. The reduced twitching motility and hyperpiliation of the pilT mutant enhances the formation of electrogenic biofilms. For both strains, the observed high internal resistance near open-circuit voltage is attributed to sluggish redox reactions on the anode surface and not to slow bacterial metabolism. This work lays the groundwork for optimization of multiple bacterial traits leading to increased electroactive properties and opens new opportunities for urine-based mini-devices.
William A. Braff, Cullen R. Buie
ECS Transactions · 2011
We present a model for a novel fuel cell system incorporating hydrogen bromine electrochemistry into a laminar flow fuel cell architecture. The proposed system integrates the fast reaction kinetics of the bromine reduction reaction into a membrane-less device that relies on the fluid mechanics of laminar flow to maintain reactant separation. This design eliminates both the cross over losses and the hydration requirements that have limited the effectiveness of many previous proton exchange membrane-based hydrogen bromine fuel cells. A two dimensional model of the system predicts that the hydrogen bromine system will produce 1 W/cm2 at 90% efficiency, with a peak power output of 3.4 W/cm2.
Tianshun Song, Yuan Xu, Yejie Ye et al.
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology · 2008
Abstract BACKGROUND: Pure terephthalic acid (PTA) is a petrochemical product of global importance and is widely applied as an important raw material in making polyester fiber and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles. In this work, a single‐chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) was constructed using terephthalic acid (TA) with a chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration range from 500 mg L −1 to 3500 mg L −1 as the electron donor and strain PA‐18 as the biocatalyst. RESLUTS: In the single chamber MFC, several factors were examined to determine their effects on power output, including COD concentration and electrode spacing. The characteristic of the strain PA‐18 was further studied. Cyclic voltammetry showed that electrons were directly transferred onto the anode by bacteria in biofilms, rather than self‐produced mediators of bacteria in the solutions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation showed that the anodic electrode surface was covered by bacteria which were responsible for electron transfer. Direct 16s‐rDNA analysis showed that the PA‐18 bacteria shared 99% 16SrDNA sequence homology with Pseudomonas sp. CONCLUSIONS: Electricity generation from TA in MFC was observed for the first time. The maximum power density produced by TA was 160 mW m −2 , lower than that achieved using domestic wastewater. This novel technology provided an economical route for electricity energy recovery in PTA wastewater treatment. High internal resistance was the major limitation. To further improve the power output, the electron transfer rate was accelerated by overexpression of membrane the protein gene of the strain PA‐18 and by reducing the electrolyte and mass transfer resistance by optimizing reactor configuration. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Liping Fan, Junyi Shi, Tian Gao
Energies · 2020
Proton exchange membrane is an important factor affecting the power generation capacity and water purification effect of microbial fuel cells. The performance of microbial fuel cells can be improved by modifying the proton exchange membrane by some suitable method. Microbial fuel cells with membranes modified by SiO2/PVDF (polyvinylidene difluoride), sulfonated PVDF and polymerized MMA (methyl methacrylate) electrolyte were tested and their power generation capacity and water purification effect were compared. The experimental results show that the three membrane modification methods can improve the power generation capacity and water purification effect of microbial fuel cells to some extent. Among them, the microbial fuel cell with the polymerized MMA modified membrane showed the best performance, in which the output voltage was 39.52 mV, and the electricity production current density was 18.82 mA/m2, which was 2224% higher than that of microbial fuel cell with the conventional Nafion membrane; and the COD (chemical oxygen demand) removal rate was 54.8%, which was 72.9% higher than that of microbial fuel cell with the conventional Nafion membrane. Modifying the membrane with the polymerized MMA is a very effective way to improve the performance of microbial fuel cells.
I Subadri, A Satriyatama, I D M Budi et al.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering · 2021
Abstract Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are devices that utilize the work of microorganisms to oxidize organic substrate involving biochemical pathways. Several studies have been done based on experiments while simulation and modelling remain unexplored. Basically, MFCs have a lot of similarities to chemical fuel cell systems, which modelling and simulation have been widely developed. Hence, a study should be done to develop the model in order to widen the implementation of MFCs. In order to evaluate MFCs performance with less cost and time, numerical modelling might be an effective approach. Models could also be easily developed or modified for various operation conditions and configurations to generate experimental data on MFCs. A number of papers on simulation and modelling focused on cell voltage as function of both cell current density and chemicals concentration. In this paper, a double chamber acetate MFCs under continuous operation and unsteady state condition would be investigated. MFCs model based are developed by calculating biochemical reactions, Butler-Volmer equation, and electrochemical equations using MATLAB 2018a software. The parameters and constants data reported from recent literature are used. Results show that periodic flow rate of fuel could improve the power production. This result also gives the prediction of cell voltage and current density. Nevertheless, models with various conditions or configurations could be developed to scale-up or create more efficient MFCs using simple methods.
Lorenzo Bartolucci, Edoardo Cennamo, Stefano Cordiner et al.
SAE Technical Paper Series · 2023
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Hydrogen technologies have been widely recognized as effective means to reduce Greenhouse Gases emissions, a crucial issue to target a Carbon-free world aimed by the European Green Deal. Within the road transport sector, electric vehicles with a hybrid powertrain, including battery packs and hydrogen Fuel Cells (FCs), are gaining importance owing to their adaptability to a wide variety of applications, high driving mileages and short refueling times. The control strategy is crucial to achieve a proper management of the energy flows, to maximize energy efficiency and maximize components durability and state of health. This work is focused on the design of an integrated Energy Management Strategy (EMS), whose aim is to minimize the hydrogen consumption, by operating the FC mainly in the high efficiency region while the battery pack works according to a charge sustaining mode. The proposed EMS is composed of a control algorithm and a supervisor. A series of fuzzy controllers have been implemented: their Membership Functions have been designed by starting from a first guess and subsequently they have been trained through a Genetic Algorithm, targeting the optimal results previously obtained by a Dynamic Programming approach on specific driving cycles, resulting from a k-means clustering algorithm. On the other hand, within the supervisor, a Driving Pattern Recognition algorithm has been implemented, able to detect in real-time the actual driving conditions and to switch adaptively between the proper sub-optimized fuzzy controller options. The analysis has been performed for a microcar application, with four 2kW-nominal in-wheel motors, two 2kW rated power FCs and a 5.1kWh-capacity battery pack. The FC model has been validated through experimental tests. Results show that the system is able to manage the battery State of Charge around the target value (70%), considering two driving cycles, and to maintain the sub-optimal performances with an increase in hydrogen consumption of only 3.7 % if compared to the global optimum of Dynamic Programming results.</div></div>
Dimitrios Papageorgopoulos, Thomas G. Benjamin, John P. Kopasz et al.
ECS Transactions · 2011
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Fuel Cell Technologies Program, in the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), seeks to enable the widespread commercialization of fuel cells, through applied research and development (R&D) to overcome technical barriers, as well as through efforts to reduce institutional and market barriers. In support of this goal, DOE funds a broad range of fuel cell R&D activities with emphasis on materials, fuel cell stack components, balance of plant (BOP) subsystems, and integrated fuel cell systems targeting lower cost and enhanced durability. Fuel cell system cost estimates for transportation applications have illustrated that catalysts and system BOP are major cost drivers at high-volume production. Membranes are a cost driver at lower production volumes. The DOE has supported research to develop improved fuel cell catalysts and membranes and characterize and optimize transport phenomena to improve membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and stack performance.
Carolina Montoya-Vallejo, Juan Carlos Quintero Díaz, Yamid Andrés Yepes et al.
Applied Sciences · 2025
Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are an emerging technology enabling electricity generation from the oxidation of biodegradable substrates by exoelectrogenic microorganisms. The use of microalgae in Microbial Fuel Cells (mMFCs) presents significant advantages such as their simultaneous contribution to the reduction in operational energy, CO2 capture, value-added compound production, and the endogenous supply of organic matter—through the decay biomass—to generate electrical current with coupled wastewater treatment. To achieve the desired electrical and wastewater performance, it is crucial to optimize the architecture, electrode and membrane characteristics, and operational conditions such as light intensity, CO2 and nutrient availability, pH, and algae strains used in the mMFCs. This optimization can be aided by mathematical models, with the goal of achieving efficient large-scale operation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the advances in Microbial Fuel Cells with microalgae, highlighting their electron transfer mechanisms, evaluating strategies to enhance their efficiency and their potential applications.
Jongbin Woo, Younghyeon Kim, Sangseok Yu
Volume 7: Energy · 2023
Abstract Recently, the drone is tried to employ in the logistics industry that is known as cargo drone. Since a cargo drones requires high power density to allow large payload, hydrogen fuel cell is considered as power propulsion system for cargo drone. Typically, the fuel cell system of small drone is equipped with air cooled fuel cell system but the large payload of cargo drone requires liquid cooling fuel cell system. Since the high power density of cargo drone allows more weight for payload, the fuel cell should be operated with higher current density at the take-off. Those conditions result in serious amount of heat generation that should be maintained at reasonable set value for extended durability and high performance. Even though the liquid cooling of the fuel cells is very effective for controlling heat generation, the liquid cooling requires complicated system with heavy weight. Nonetheless, it is necessary to equip liquid cooling system as the system power requirement is large enough. This study developed a 20kWe polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell system model through AMESet, a model development program, and the cooling system was developed as a water cooling system in consideration of the heat generation of the stack. The cooling system consists of a water pump, a cooling fan, a radiator, and a three-way valve, and the optimal cooling strategy is derived by comparing the temperature control performance of the fuel cell system with the parasitic energy of the cooling system.
Emilius Sudirjo, Cees J.N. Buisman, David P.B.T.B. Strik
Water · 2019
Wetlands cover a significant part of the world’s land surface area. Wetlands are permanently or temporarily inundated with water and rich in nutrients. Therefore, wetlands equipped with Plant-Microbial Fuel Cells (Plant-MFC) can provide a new source of electricity by converting organic matter with the help of electrochemically active bacteria. In addition, sediments provide a source of electron donors to generate electricity from available (organic) matters. Eight lab-wetlands systems in the shape of flat-plate Plant-MFC were constructed. Here, four wetland compositions with activated carbon and/or marine sediment functioning as anodes were investigated for their suitability as a bioanode in a Plant-MFC system. Results show that Spartina anglica grew in all of the plant-MFCs, although the growth was less fertile in the 100% activated carbon (AC100) Plant-MFC. Based on long-term performance (2 weeks) under 1000 ohm external load, the 33% activated carbon (AC33) Plant-MFC outperformed the other plant-MFCs in terms of current density (16.1 mA/m2 plant growth area) and power density (1.04 mW/m2 plant growth area). Results also show a high diversity of microbial communities dominated by Proteobacteria with 42.5–69.7% relative abundance. Principal Coordinates Analysis shows clear different bacterial communities between 100% marine sediment (MS100) Plant-MFC and AC33 Plant-MFC. This result indicates that the bacterial communities were affected by the anode composition. In addition, small worms (Annelida phylum) were found to live around the plant roots within the anode of the wetland with MS100. These findings show that the mixture of activated carbon and marine sediment are suitable material for bioanodes and could be useful for the application of Plant-MFC in a real wetland. Moreover, the usage of activated carbon could provide an additional function like wetland remediation or restoration, and even coastal protection.
Mikal A. McKinnon, Judith M. Cuta, Urban P. Jenquin
Volume 2: Mgmt. Low/Interm. Level Waste; Spent Fuel; Economics/Analyses for Waste Mgmt.; Radiological Characterization/Application Release Criteria; Panel Sessions; Solid Waste Reduction/Treatment; Current Activities in Central/Eastern Europe; Environmental Remediation Technology; LL/ILW; HLW/Spent Fuel; Chernobyl; D&D Waste; Performance Assessment; MOX and Spent UOX; D&D Nuclear Reactors; Decommissioning of Other Nuclear Facilities · 2001
Abstract As part of a cooperative program, the United States Department of Energy (DOE) has supported analyses to determine the effect of cask loading on the thermal and shielding performance of a cask containing spent nuclear fuel. Two considerations that must be addressed in licensing spent fuel storage casks are peak fuel temperature and cask surface dose rate. Generally, storage systems are approved for uniform loading of the cask with design basis fuel. The storage system design basis typically specifies maximum assembly enrichment, maximum burnup, and minimum cooling times for the design basis fuel. Some casks specify an enrichment/burnup table. These conditions set the maximum decay heat loads and maximum radioactive source terms for the design. Supportive analysis using conservative assumptions is then used to demonstrate that acceptable fuel storage temperatures and cask dose rates are maintained. This study analyzes the effect of non.-uniform load patterns on peak fuel cladding temperatures and cask surface dose rates using previously validated analytical methods. The study was performed using a spent fuel storage cask that was designed to hold 24 spent fuel assemblies with a decay heat load of 24 kW. The cask was assumed to have a forged steel body with an overall length of 5.0 m and a diameter of 2.3 m. The body was assumed to be surrounded by a resin layer for neutron shielding and a steel outer shell. The fuel was selected to have cooling times of 3.5 to 10 years and burnups of 20 to 60 GWd/MTU to bound the expected range of burnup for most of the fuel to be discharged from boiling water and pressurized water reactors from the mid-1970s through 2020. Three radial power distributions were considered in the study: uniform loading, hotter assemblies in the center of the cask, and hotter assemblies near the wall of the cask. Each load pattern resulted in a total decay heat output of 24 kW from the cask. Seventeen different load patterns were selected, and the thermal analysis was repeated for three backfill gases: helium, nitrogen, and vacuum. For a given decay heat load in the cask, loading assemblies with higher decay heat output around the outside of the cask results in lower peak fuel cladding temperatures than loading hotter assemblies in the center of the cask. Several of the load patterns resulted in a peak cladding temperature that was lower than for a uniformly loaded cask. For a helium backfill with an optimum load pattern in the cask (hot assemblies near the basket wall), the peak fuel clad temperature was 17°C lower than a uniformly loaded cask. Using the same assemblies from the optimum load pattern but reversing the load pattern so the hot assemblies are moved to the inside of the cask., increased the peak fuel clad temperatures by 35°C for a helium backfill. This is 18°C greater than for a uniform load pattern. Seven source terms were selected to provide the thermal output used in the thermal analysis. Source term calculations were completed using fuel burnups of 20 to 60 GWd/MTU and enrichments of 2.4 to 4.8%. A constant power density of 32 MW/MTU was used for all irradiation calculations. Cooling times were selected to provide the decay heat values used in the thermal analysis. Photon dose rates are dominated by the cobalt-60 in the bottom-end fittings, top-end fittings, and plenum and are proportional to fuel burnup. For short cooling times, photon dose rates on the side of the cask are somewhat higher due to short-lived fission products. Cask loadings with high decay heat assemblies near the periphery exhibit increased photon dose rates on the side surface and top and bottom surfaces away from the centerline. Near the centerline, on the top and bottom of the cask, the dose rates are reduced substantially. Neutron dose rates increase exponentially with burnup and are nearly independent of cooling time. Cask loadings with high decay heat assemblies impact the neutron dose rates minimally. The peak dose rates (neutron plus photon) for the short-cooled, higher-burnup fuel loaded around the outside of the cask’s basket are generally less than for a uniform loading of longer-cooled, higher-burnup spent fuel.
Prem Chandra, Enespa, Ranjan Singh et al.
Microbial Cell Factories · 2020
Abstract Lipases are very versatile enzymes, and produced the attention of the several industrial processes. Lipase can be achieved from several sources, animal, vegetable, and microbiological. The uses of microbial lipase market is estimated to be USD 425.0 Million in 2018 and it is projected to reach USD 590.2 Million by 2023, growing at a CAGR of 6.8% from 2018. Microbial lipases (EC 3.1.1.3) catalyze the hydrolysis of long chain triglycerides. The microbial origins of lipase enzymes are logically dynamic and proficient also have an extensive range of industrial uses with the manufacturing of altered molecules. The unique lipase (triacylglycerol acyl hydrolase) enzymes catalyzed the hydrolysis, esterification and alcoholysis reactions. Immobilization has made the use of microbial lipases accomplish its best performance and hence suitable for several reactions and need to enhance aroma to the immobilization processes. Immobilized enzymes depend on the immobilization technique and the carrier type. The choice of the carrier concerns usually the biocompatibility, chemical and thermal stability, and insolubility under reaction conditions, capability of easy rejuvenation and reusability, as well as cost proficiency. Bacillus spp., Achromobacter spp., Alcaligenes spp., Arthrobacter spp., Pseudomonos spp., of bacteria and Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., of fungi are screened large scale for lipase production. Lipases as multipurpose biological catalyst has given a favorable vision in meeting the needs for several industries such as biodiesel, foods and drinks, leather, textile, detergents, pharmaceuticals and medicals. This review represents a discussion on microbial sources of lipases, immobilization methods increased productivity at market profitability and reduce logistical liability on the environment and user.
Daniel Wichmann, Philip Engelhardt, Roland Wruck et al.
ECS Transactions · 2010
Within the scope of a German cooperative project a consortium with partners from industry and academia develops a Reformed Methanol Fuel Cell System (RMFC) on the basis of a HT-PEM fuel cell with an electric power output of 30 W. The fuel cell system is used as a hybrid system with an accumulator as an energy supply for golf-caddies. The Steam Reforming of Methanol (SRM) is applied for hydrogen production in a micro-structured reactor which is built on the basis of thin hydroformed metal sheets. An innovative heat exchanger design allows the integration of all relevant fuel processing steps (catalytic combustion, vaporization, reforming, heat exchange) into a single component and also the integration with the HT-PEM fuel cell as such. The fuel processor was tested with different types of catalysts (base metal, precious metal). It turns out that among the catalysts tested a precious metal catalyst has the best stability and performance.
Chunjuan Shen, Sichuan Xu, Yuan Gao
Polymers · 2021
Based on the dynamic cycle condition test of a 4.5 kW fuel cell stack, the performance attenuation and individual cell voltage uniformity of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack was evaluated synthetically. The performance decay period of the fuel cell stack was 180–600 h, the decrease of voltage and power was evaluated by rate and amplitude. The results show that the performance of the fuel cell stack decreased with the increase of test time and current density. When the test was carried out to 600 h, under rated operating conditions, the voltage attenuation rate was 130 μV/h, and the voltage reduced by 71 mV, with a decrease of 10.41%. The power attenuation rate was 0.8 W/h, with a decrease of 10.42%. The statistical parameter variation coefficient was used to characterize the voltage consistency of individual cells. It was found that the voltage uniformity is worse at the high current density point and with a long-running process. The variation coefficient was 3.1% in the worst performance.
Feng Zhao, Qingzhi Wang, Ying Zhang et al.
Microbial Cell Factories · 2021
Abstract Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa , the rhamnolipids-producer, is one of dominant bacteria in oil reservoirs. Although P. aeruginosa strains are facultative bacteria, the anaerobic biosynthesis mechanism of rhamnolipids is unclear. Considering the oxygen scarcity within oil reservoirs, revealing the anaerobic biosynthesis mechanism of rhamnolipids are significant for improving the in-situ production of rhamnolipids in oil reservoirs to enhance oil recovery. Results Pseudomonas aeruginosa SG anaerobically produced rhamnolipids using glycerol rather than glucose as carbon sources. Two possible hypotheses on anaerobic biosynthesis of rhamnolipids were proposed, the new anaerobic biosynthetic pathway (hypothesis 1) and the highly anaerobic expression of key genes (hypothesis 2). Knockout strain SGΔrmlB failed to anaerobically produce rhamnolipids using glycerol. Comparative transcriptomics analysis results revealed that glucose inhibited the anaerobic expression of genes rmlBDAC , fabABG , rhlABRI , rhlC and lasI . Using glycerol as carbon source, the anaerobic expression of key genes in P. aeruginosa SG was significantly up-regulated. The anaerobic biosynthetic pathway of rhamnolipids in P. aeruginosa SG were confirmed, involving the gluconeogenesis from glycerol, the biosynthesis of dTDP- l -rhamnose and β-hydroxy fatty acids, and the rhamnosyl transfer process. The engineered strain P. aeruginosa PrhlAB constructed in previous work enhanced 9.67% of oil recovery higher than the wild-type strain P. aeruginosa SG enhancing 8.33% of oil recovery. Conclusion The highly anaerobic expression of key genes enables P. aeruginosa SG to anaerobically biosynthesize rhamnolipids. The genes, rmlBDAC , fabABG , rhlABRI , rhlC and lasI , are key genes for anaerobic biosynthesis of rhamnolipid by P. aeruginosa . Improving the anaerobic production of rhamnolipids better enhanced oil recovery in core flooding test. This study fills the gaps in the anaerobic biosynthesis mechanism of rhamnolipids. Results are significant for the metabolic engineering of P. aeruginosa to enhance anaerobic production of rhamnolipids.
Baroud Zakaria, Gazzam Noureddine, Benalia Atallah et al.
IET Renewable Power Generation · 2018
In this study, an algebraic‐observer‐based output‐feedback controller is proposed for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) air‐supply subsystem, based on both algebraic differentiation and sliding‐mode control approaches. The goal of the design is to regulate the oxygen excess ratio (OER) towards its optimal set point value in the PEMFC air‐supply subsystem. Hence, an algebraic estimation approach is used to reconstruct the OER based on a robust differentiation method. The proposed observer is known for its finite‐time convergence and low computational time compared to other observers presented in the literature. Then, a twisting controller is designed to control the OER by manipulating the compressor motor voltage. The parameters of the twisting controller have been calculated by means of an off‐line tuning procedure. The performance of the proposed algebraic‐observer‐based output‐feedback controller is analysed through simulations for different stack‐current changes, for parameter uncertainties, and for noise rejection. Results show that the proposed approach properly estimates and regulates the OER in finite‐time.
Asmaa G. Almahdy, Ahmed El-Sayed, Marwa Eltarahony
Microbial Cell Factories · 2024
Abstract Background The continuous progress in nanotechnology is rapid and extensive with overwhelming futuristic aspects. Through modernizing inventive synthesis protocols, a paradigm leapfrogging in novelties and findings are channeled toward fostering human health and sustaining the surrounding environment. Owing to the overpricing and jeopardy of physicochemical synthesizing approaches, the quest for ecologically adequate schemes is incontestable. By developing environmentally friendly strategies, mycosynthesis of nanocomposites has been alluring. Results Herein, a novel architecture of binary CuO and TiO 2 in nanocomposites form was fabricated using bionanofactory Candida sp. , for the first time. For accentuating the structural properties of CuTi nanocomposites (CuTiNCs), various characterization techniques were employed. UV-Vis spectroscopy detected SPR at 350 nm, and XRD ascertained the crystalline nature of a hybrid system. However, absorption peaks at 8, 4.5, and 0.5 keV confirmed the presence of Cu, Ti and oxygen, respectively, in an undefined assemblage of polygonal-spheres of 15–75 nm aggregated in the fungal matrix of biomolecules as revealed by EDX, SEM and TEM. However, FTIR, ζ-potential and TGA reflected long-term stability (− 27.7 mV) of self-functionalized CuTiNCs. Interestingly, a considerable and significant biocide performance was detected at 50 µg/mL of CuTiNCs against some human and plant pathogens, compared to monometallic counterparts. Further, CuTiNCs (200 µg/mL) ceased significantly the development of Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans biofilms by 80.3 ± 1.4, 68.7 ± 3.0 and 55.7 ± 3.0%, respectively. Whereas, 64.63 ± 3.5 and 89.82 ± 4.3% antimicrofouling potentiality was recorded for 100 and 200 µg/ml of CuTiNCs, respectively; highlighting their destructive effect against marine microfoulers cells and decaying of their extracellular polymeric skeleton as visualized by SEM. Moreover, CuTiNCs (100 and 200 µg/ml) exerted significantly outstanding disinfection potency within 2 h by reducing the microbial load (i.e., total plate count, mold & yeast, total coliforms and faecal Streptococcus ) in domestic and agricultural effluents reached >50%. Conclusion The synergistic efficiency provided by CuNPs and TiNPs in mycofunctionalized CuTiNCs boosted its recruitment as antiphytopathogenic, antibiofilm, antimicrofouling and disinfectant agent in various realms.
Zhongyang Wang, Yang Zhao, Vijay Ramani
ECS Meeting Abstracts · 2019
There is a growing interest in using anion exchange membranes (AEMs) as separators in alkaline membrane fuel cells (AMFCs) and in other energy conversion and storage systems such as redox flow batteries (RFBs), alkaline water electrolyzers (AWEs) and reverse electrodialysis (RED) cells. The most commonly used cation group in AEMs is the benzyl trimethylammonium cation. However, it had been shown that quaternary ammonium-based AEMs are sensitive towards Hofmann elimination [1] and direct nucleophilic elimination reactions [2] that result in loss of ion exchange capacity (IEC) and ionic conductivity. To solve the alkaline stability issue inherent to quaternary-ammonium-group-containing AEMs, alternative cations such as piperidinium-based cations has been proposed and investigated. The piperidinium-based AEM was able to maintain its ca. 90% of its initial IEC after immersion into 1M KOH at 80 ºC for 30 days. Such piperidinium-based AEMs showed higher alkaline stability than benzyl-trimethylammonium-based AEM ( ca. 20% degradation in 1M KOH at 60 ºC for 30 days) [3]. The improved alkaline stability was mainly attributed to the avoidance of attaching quaternary ammonium onto benzylic position. The planar structure of piperidinium-based cation slows down the β-elimination phenomenon. Also, there is no ether linkage with the polymer backbone and hence, the stability of polymer backbone is superior. The chloride ion conductivity of the piperidinium-based AEM was 65 mS/cm at 80 ºC under an IEC of 2.26 mmol/g. An AEMFC was assembled using our piperidinium-based AEM with Pt/C catalysts used for both anode and cathode. A peak power density of 700 mW/cm 2 with 2 A/cm 2 current density was obtained at 70 ºC without any backpressure. References [1] C.G. Arges, L. Wang, J. Parrondo, V. Ramani, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 160 (2013) F1258-F1274. [2] S. Chempath, J.M. Boncella, L.R. Pratt, N. Henson, B.S. Pivovar, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 114 (2010) 11977-11983. [3] Z. Wang, J. Parrondo, V. Ramani, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 164 (2017) F1216-F1225.
Carlos Armenta-Déu
Recent Progress in Science and Engineering · 2025
This work focuses on designing a control unit for improving Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) performance powering electric vehicles when operating in variable atmospheric pressure conditions, a current situation in mountainous countries with sudden changes in road altitude. The paper studies and analyzes the PEM fuel cell behavior working with hydrogen supply from a pressurized tank and oxygen input from atmospheric air supply in journeys with continuous variation of road level due to the orography. The work proposes a control unit that regulates hydrogen and oxygen partial pressure to match each other, assuring correct fuel cell operation and improving performance. A simulation for a fuel cell powering a standard electric vehicle shows that fuel cell performance improves by 8.5%, enlarging the driving range by 7.8% and prolonging the fuel cell lifespan. The control unit is adaptive to all-electric vehicles powered by a PEM fuel cell. Although the simulation test runs for altitudes between sea level and 2000 m, it is valid for any altitude variation from sea level to 6000 meters, representing the practical totality of world roads.
Ika Dyah Widharyanti, Muhammad Andiri Hendrawan, Marcelinus Christwardana
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development · 2020
The plant microbial fuel cell (PMFC) is a technology built to produce renewable and sustainable electricityin order to meet the increasing global demand. This study demonstrates the potential application of PMFC in swamps dominated by water hyacinth to produce biological energy and plant biomass.In this research, the plant was integrated into a microbial fuel cell that adopts various types of anode materials such as carbon felt, iron and zinc, with a varying distance of 10 and 20 cm between the anode and cathode. Organic compounds emerging from the photosynthesis process were deposited by plant roots, which were then oxidized by bacteria in the mud media. The result showed that the developed PMFC produced a voltage and current density of 244.8 mV and 185.4 mA/m2, respectively, for 30 days, with a maximum power of 100.2 mW/m2 in the cells using zinc as anode material with an electrode spacing of 10 cm. Furthermore, the pH value on PMFC with a longer electrode was higher than the shorter distance due to the protons' inability to move from anode to cathode against the force of gravity. In conclusion, PMFC which utilizes water hyacinth has a good performance in converting chemical energy from the substrate into electrical energy, and has the potential to be developed in underdeveloped areas.
Aisha Buhari Salisu, Hindatu Yusuf, Shiaka Gimba Peter et al.
UMYU Scientifica · 2023
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are technologies that directly transform chemical energy into electrical energy by oxidizing organic matter using bacteria as biocatalysts. MFCs offer a potential technology for converting wastewater into useful energy source and at the same time serve as wastewater treatment facilities. This makes it superior to other wastewater treatment methods. This study focused on the utilization of MFCs to generate bioelectricity from sewage wastewater using cow urine as inoculum and identify the bacteria colonizing the anode electrode. The experiment were conducted using two-chambered MFC constructed using locally sourced materials. Wastewater was characterized using standard methods. The characteristics of the sewage wastewater are: 680 mg/L Chemical oxygen Demand (COD), 457 mg/L Biochemical oxygen Demand (BOD) and pH of 7.4. The maximum voltage, power and current density obtained were 196 mV, 18.26 mW/m2 and 97 mA/m2 respectively. The MFC shows a reduction in COD value by 82 % (680mg/L initial and 120 mg/L final).The identification of the anodic biofilms showed the presence of Bacillus spp and klebsiella spp based on their microscopic and biochemical characterization. The results of this study can contribute to improve understanding and optimizing electricity generation in MFC, Further study would be conducted in order to identify the microorganisms at molecular level.
Danang Jaya, Tunjung Wahyu Widawati, Firda Ellysa et al.
RSF Conference Series: Engineering and Technology · 2021
Indonesia's rapid population growth means that power demand will continue to rise year after year. Indonesia's growing population has resulted in an increase in restaurants, including Chinese food restaurants. As the number of restaurants grows, so does the amount of waste produced. Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC) that create electrical energy are one solution to this challenge. The study aimed to explore the utilization of MFC systems for power generation. It measured the performance of MFC in liquid waste in generating electrical value by utilizing a series of electrode types, particularly Aluminum (Al), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), and Lead (Pb), and a blend of the four types of electrodes. The measured electrical value indicated that MFC can produced the high electrical voltage value was the pair of zinc (anode) and copper (cathode) of (0.863 V) and then the highest electric current value is 0.14 mA with electrode Cu and Zn. The maximum power density is 0.00464 W/m2 using a combination of Zn/Cu electrodes and then electrical energy with highest value is 0.75168 J with Zn/Cu.
Samudro Ganjar, Syafrudin Syafrudin, Wisnu Wardhana Irawan et al.
E3S Web of Conferences · 2017
Moisture content which affects the decomposition of organic material is one of composting parameters. The optimum moisture content indicates the higher power generation. This research aims to determine the optimum moisture content toward power density during the composting process in DGACSMFCs. The reactor was designed with dual graphene anode placed on the base and a half of reactor height in 2 L effective volume. Moisture content was varied at 40%; 50%; 60%; with 4 turning frequency, C/N ratio 30:1, and the mixed waste-leaves litter and canteen based food waste, during 23 days of the observation time. Other parameters of the composting process such as pH, temperature, C-Organic, N-Total, P-Total, and K-Total were also observed as control parameters. The result shows that the optimum moisture content is 60% with power density 17.74 mW/m 2 , and the final compost characteristics are meet the compost requirement based on SNI 19-7030-2004 about the specification of compost from domestic waste..
Mochammad Purwanto, M Anuari Ramdani, Wildan Wahyu Firdhaus et al.
Engineering Headway · 2024
The Dual-Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell system has been successfully developed to produce bioelectricity based on tofu liquid waste. In this study, variations of the operating parameters of the MFC were carried out, namely differences in electrolyte solutions of potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) and potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇). In addition, the configuration of the reactor circuit used is a series reactor circuit and a single reactor. The results of the MFC process show that the maximum electric voltage and current strength values obtained in the KMnO₄ electrolyte solution are 880 mV and 0.352 mA, respectively. Meanwhile, the maximum electric voltage and current strength in the K₂Cr₂O₇ electrolyte solution are 569 mV and 0.228 mA. Furthermore, the use of potassium permanganate is known to produce a maximum power density of 20.88 mW/cm², which is two times greater than the maximum power density value produced by potassium dichromate, which is 8.73 mW/cm². Whereas the difference in the reactor series shows that the series reactor circuit can increase the maximum power density value of 356.61 mW/cm², higher than the single reactor which is 26.21 mW/cm². Based on all the data generated from this study, tofu liquid waste has the potential as the main ingredient in the MFC process to produce bioelectricity.
Maheshi Somasiri, Tanusha Amandani, Charitha Basnayaka et al.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · 2023
ABSTRACT High cathodic overpotential of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in MFC carbon-based cathodes is one of the key barriers to the widespread adoption of the technology. Current Pt-based ORR catalysts are expensive. The use of novel and inexpensive catalysts as replacements for platinum is therefore desirable. In this study, nanomaterials were directly chemically synthesized on carbon microfiber electrodes to improve the performance of lake sediment inoculated MFCs. Nanomaterial of MnO 2 , MnO 2 /polyaniline (PANI), ZnO/NiO and ZnO/NiO/PANI attachments were directly chemically synthesized on the carbon material and used as cathode electrodes. The maximum power densities recorded for the different treatments were; MnO 2 78.5 mW/m 2 , MnO 2 /PANI (Polyaniline) 141.6 mW/m 2 , ZnO/NiO 67.6 mW/m 2 , and ZnO/NiO/PANI 129.4 mW/m 2 . The current and poswer densities were more than six-fold higher in ZnO/NiO/PANI and MnO 2 /PANI nanoparticle modified cathodes compared to the control MFCs with no catalyst. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and FTIR data and SEM images suggest that the nanoparticle attached carbon material is morphologically, chemically and electrochemically different from the controls with no nanomaterial attachment. The outcome of this study demonstrates that nanomaterials-incorporated carbon microfiber cathodes bring about significant enhancements to power densities and may potentially have applications in cost-effective MFCs.