Discover insights from thousands of peer-reviewed papers on microbial electrochemical systems
B.J. Yogesh, S. Bharathi
Industrial Applications of Soil Microbes · 2022
This chapter deals with the significance of soil microbes from an industrial perspective. Soil microbes are the most diverse populations to exist on earth, and they are known to have played a prominent role in the development of soil chemistry, soil texture, and soil suitability to sustain plant life. The chapter deals with the significance of cultural techniques for the isolation of desired microbial strains from the soil. The importance of screening techniques for isolates is emphasized, wherein the potential strains are tested for their physiological characteristics that are industrially beneficial. A few criteria are mentioned for judging the soil isolate’s capability to become an industrial strain. The difference between natural isolates and potential industrial strains is discussed. Useful strains are categorized based on their ability to produce primary and secondary metabolites with commercial applications in terms of economic, agricultural, and environmental significance. Industrially important microbes are listed with emphasis on the types of metabolites they produce and their applications. Knowledge of metabolic pathways involved in metabolite production and their regulation in terms of various feedback control systems are discussed. Strain improvement and its role in improving industrial aspects of microbes are highlighted. Bacillus sp. are given their due importance as the most diverse and dynamic forms of bacteria, contributing immensely to our knowledge and being the most beneficial forms of soil microbes. A few metabolites are discussed in detail, with emphasis given to enzymes, microbial polymers, amino acids, solvents, organic acids, and antibiotics. Microbial bioleaching mostly employs bacteria that could help in the recovery of metals from low-grade ores, and industries based on biomining have shown a renewed interest in this economically viable process.
Mary M Maleckar, Pablo Martín-Vasallo, Wayne R Giles et al.
Research Square · 2020
Abstract Background: Although the chondrocyte is a non-excitable cell, there is strong interest in gaining detailed knowledge of its ion pumps, channels, exchangers and transporters. In combination, these transport mechanisms set the resting potential, regulate cell volume and strongly modulate responses of the chondrocyte to endocrine agents and physicochemical alterations in the surrounding extracellular micro-environment.Materials and Methods: Mathematical modeling was used to assess the functional roles of energy-requiring active transport, the Na + /K + pump, in chondrocytes.Results: Our findings illustrate plausible physiological roles for the Na + /K + pump in regulating the resting membrane potential and suggest ways in which specific molecular components of pump can respond to the unique electrochemical environment of the chondrocyte.Conclusion: This analysis provides a basis for linking chondrocyte electrophysiology to metabolism and yields insights into novel ways of manipulating or regulating responsiveness to external stimuli both under baseline conditions and in chronic diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA).
Sheldon Cotts, Bijentimala Keisham, Vikas Berry
ECS Meeting Abstracts · 2020
A synergistic, nanoscale electrical-interface with the membranes of exoelectrogenic microbes will have transformative impact on biological cell based electronic-devices. In this presentation, we will report a conformal graphenic interface on biocatalytic Geobacter sulfurreducens membrane that results in quantum-capacitance induced n-doping in graphene. This further enhances electron shuttling from the membrane to improve electron harvesting from the electrogenic membrane. The quantum coupling of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with the connected protein-membrane channels leads to an additional electron density of 3.44 x 10 12 cm -2 and an increase in the in-plane phonon vibration energies (G) of rGO by 5 cm -1 . This n-doping enhances the electron transfer-rate from the cell membrane into the rGO improving the power density of a simplistic microbial fuel cell (MFC) by ~ 2 folds. The synergistic electron-harvesting and conformal membrane-interfacing of flexible 2D nanomaterials can lead to an evolution in the design of microbe-circuitry to power stand-alone nanodevices. Figure 1
Lei Zhou, Tuoxian Tang, Dandan Deng et al.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · 2023
Abstract Electricigens decompose organic matter and convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy through extracellular electron transfer. They serve as significant biocatalysts for microbial fuel cells which have practical applications in green energy generation, effluent treatment, and bioremediation. A facultative anaerobic electrogenic strain SQ-1 is isolated from sludge in a biotechnology factory. The strain SQ-1 is a close relative of Klebsiella variicola . Multilayered biofilms form on the surface of a carbon electrode after the isolated bacteria are inoculated into a microbial fuel cell device. This strain produces high current densities of 625 μA cm -2 by using acetate as the carbon source in a three-electrode configuration. The electricity generation performance is also analyzed in a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell. It reaches a maximum power density of 560 mW m -2 when the corresponding output voltage is 0.59 V. The facultative strain SQ-1 utilizes hydrous ferric oxide as an electron acceptor to perform extracellular electricigenic respiration in anaerobic conditions. Since facultative strains possess better properties than anaerobic strains, Klebsiella sp. SQ-1 may be a promising exoelectrogenic strain for applications in microbial electrochemistry.
Charles Didier, Julia Orrico, Omar Cepeda Torres et al.
Research Square · 2022
Abstract Benchtop tissue cultures have become increasingly complex in recent years, as more “on-a-chip” biological technologies such as Microphysiological Systems (MPSs) work to incorporate cellular constructs that more accurately represent their respective biological systems. Such MPSs have begun providing major breakthroughs in biological research and are poised to shape the field in the coming decades. These biological systems necessitate integrated sensing modalities to procure complex, multiplexed datasets, with unprecedented combinatorial biological detail. In this work we expand on our polymer-metal biosensor approach by demonstrating a facile technology towards compound biosensing which are characterized through custom modeling approaches. Herein we develop a compound chip with 3D microelectrodes, 3D microfluidics, Interdigitated Electrodes (IDEs) and a micro-heater. The chip is subsequently tested using electrical/electrochemical characterization of 3D microelectrodes with 1kHz impedance and phase recordings, and IDE-based high frequency (~ 1MHz frequencies) impedimetric analysis of differential localized temperature recordings, both of which are modelled through equivalent electrical circuits for process parameter extraction. Additionally, a simplified antibody-conjugation strategy was employed for a similar IDE-based analysis of the implications for a key analyte (L-Glutamine) binding on the equivalent electrical circuit. Lastly, acute microfluidic perfusion modelling was performed to demonstrate ease of microfluidics integration into such a polymer-metal biosensor platform for potential complimentary localized chemical stimulation. Combined, our work demonstrates the design, development, and characterization of an accessibly designed, polymer-metal compound biosensor for electrogenic cellular constructs, geared towards comprehensive MPS data collection.
Arda Gülay, Greg Fournier, Barth F. Smets et al.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · 2022
SUMMARY Oxygen availability is critical for microbes as some are obligatorily dependent on oxygen for energy conservation. However, aerobic microbes that live in environments with varying oxygen concentrations experience pressures over evolutionary time, selecting alternative energy metabolisms that relax the dependence on oxygen. One such capacity is extracellular electron transfer (or EET), which is the ability to transfer electrons from central metabolism to extracellular oxidants such as iron and manganese oxides. We posit that the β- proteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, highly specialized lineages heretofore recognized as strict aerobes, can be capable of EET as they have been constantly observed in oxygen-limiting and depleted environments. Here, we show that a strictly aerobic ammonia-oxidizer, Nitrosomonas communis , utilized a poised electrode to maintain metabolic activity in anoxic conditions. The presence and activity of multi-heme cytochromes suggested that direct electron transfer is the mechanism underlying EET. Molecular clock models suggest that the ancestors of β- proteobacterial ammonia oxidizers appeared after the oxygenation of Earth when the oxygen levels were >10 -4 p O 2 (PAL), suggesting their aerobic origins. Phylogenetic reconciliations of gene and species trees show that the multi-heme c-type EET proteins in Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira were acquired by gene transfer from β- proteobacteria during oxygen scarcity. The preservation of EET metabolism over billions of years under fluctuating oxygen levels and aspects of EET physiology in β- proteobacterial ammonia oxidizers might explain how they have been coped with oxygen stress and survived under oxygen deprivation. SIGNIFICANCE Metabolic versatility can permit typically aerobic microbes to survive in anaerobic conditions when oxygen is deficient as a terminal electron acceptor. This article demonstrates a previously unidentified anaerobic extracellular electron transfer metabolism that operates in aerobic β –proteobacterial ammonia oxidizers and reconstructs the evolutionary history of this metabolism, linking it to the early history of Earth’s oxygenation. Our approach contributes to the understanding of metabolisms in the N-cycle and their evolution on Earth, as well as how aerobic microbes manage to retain energy generation under oxygen-limiting or depleted conditions. AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS AG designed the physiological research with PRG and the phylogenetic research with GF; AG performed the research, AG analyzed the data with PRG and GF. AG wrote the paper, and all authors edited and approved the manuscript.
Victor G. Stepanov, Yeyuan Xiao, April J. Lopez et al.
Genome Announcements · 2016
ABSTRACT The perchlorate-reducing strain Marinobacter sp. strain P4B1 was isolated from a long-term perchlorate-degrading enrichment culture seeded with marine sediment. The draft genome of Marinobacter sp. P4B1 is comprised of the bacterial chromosome (3.60 Mbp, G+C 58.51%, 3,269 predicted genes) and its associated plasmid pMARS01 (0.14 Mbp, G+C 52.95%, 165 predicted genes).
Wen‐ting Cui, Sha‐sha Zhang, Meng Li et al.
Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry · 2025
ABSTRACT The potential applications of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) in wastewater treatment and energy recovery have been investigated. MFCs harness the metabolic activity of microorganisms to generate electricity from organic compounds, which is highly important for preventing environmental pollution and constructing an ecological civilization. To address the safety limitations of pathogenic electrogenic bacteria in MFCs, this study isolated two novel nonpathogenic strains, Cellulosimicrobium 99‐1 and Listeria innocua 5‐2, from livestock samples. Their synergistic interaction boosted voltage output by 8.2% (exceeding 400 mV) compared to pure cultures while achieving 90.6% chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 74% total nitrogen removal in domestic wastewater, demonstrating dual advantages in biosecurity and treatment efficiency. This study provides experimental data and theoretical support for the application of MFC technology in environmental engineering, laying a foundation for further optimizing MFC design and improving wastewater treatment efficiency.
Yohanna Anisa Indriyani, Iman Rusmana, Syaiful Anwar et al.
Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati · 2025
Electrogenic microbes have been exploited in the microbial fuel cell (MFC) system for harvesting bioelectricity. Electrogens are widely distributed in various environments, but the exploration of this microbial group from ecosystems in Indonesia is still limited. This present study aimed to isolate the electrogenic bacteria from sediments of two waterlogged ecosystems (dam and paddy field) using serial dilution into extinction method prior to streak plate method on the solid thioglycollate media supplemented with Fe3+. Electrochemical evaluation was conducted in glucose-fed dual-chamber MFC by using Arduino UNO-based data logger for the accurate monitoring of electricity production in the term of open circuit voltage (OCV). A total of 54 electrogens were successfully isolated from these two ecosystems, ranging from weakness to strongest electrogens (OCV >800 mV) and ranging from microaerophilic, aerotolerant and facultative anaerobes, to obligate anaerobes. This result also suggested that sediment of waterlogged ecosystems rich in electron donor and solid acceptor electron compounds could potentially host electrogenic microbes. The exploration of electrogens from many other waterlogged ecosystems in Indonesia, both natural and anthropic ecosystems, could be conducted to collect genetic resources of novel electrogenic bacteria for the development of MFC technology in Indonesia.
Palash Pan, Abhishek Samanta, Kajari Roy et al.
Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia · 2025
ABSTRACT: Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) harness microorganisms' metabolic processes to convert organic compounds into electricity, offering an eco-friendly energy solution. As the global demand for sustainable energy sources increases, MFCs have emerged as a promising technology for both bioremediation and biomass power generation. However, optimizing microbial performance remains a challenge, particularly in identifying and enhancing the role of electroactive bacteria. Among them, Lysinibacillus sp. has shown potential for efficient electron transfer, yet its contributions to MFC performance remain underexplored. To address this gap, bibliometric analysis provides a systematic approach to mapping research trends, identifying key contributors, and evaluating the evolution of scientific knowledge in this field. This study employs bibliometric analysis via Dimensions AI and VOSviewer to explore research on Lysinibacillus sp. in MFCs. The analysis identified 3029 publications from 2015 to 2024, peaking in 2022 and 2023. Dominant fields include biological sciences and microbiology, with 1210 and 571 publications, respectively. Varjani, Sunita was the most prolific author, and India was the leading contributor with 610 documents and 19,663 citations. Bioresource Technology was the top journal, and Amity University led in co-authorship. Key references are Geyer, R., and Logan, B.E. The analysis provides insights into research trends, significant publications, and future directions for advancing MFC technologies.
Bijentimala Keisham, Sheldon Cotts, Vikas Berry
ECS Meeting Abstracts · 2020
We report on the enhancement of the phononic excitation in electrogenic bacteria due to the electron transfer to interfaced graphene quantum dots (GQDs). This phenomenon enables GQDs to detect otherwise unobservable bacterial Raman peaks by chemeo-phononic amplification by a factor of ten. We show confirmation of the charge transfer ability of the electrogenic bacteria into GQD and provides a platform for chemical enhancement phenomena for biological sensing at the cellular level. This study also reports on the electrogenic bacteria’s phonon-polarization directly related to the chemical enhancement from the GQDs.
Roman Serikovich Urazbayev, Darya Vladimirovna Ryabokon
Chronos · 2022
Existing electronic devices on the market are composed of inorganic, inanimate materials. However, in the future, the introduction of live microorganisms in various kinds of technology is expected. As a result of research, it is expected to obtain such a material that will promote the cultivation of exoelectrogenic bacteria and the output of electricity obtained from them to the electrode with low losses.
Desislava Teneva, Petko Denev
Microorganisms · 2023
Ensuring the microbiological safety of food products is a pressing global concern. With the increasing resistance of microorganisms to chemical agents and the declining effectiveness of synthetic preservatives, there is a growing need for alternative sources of natural, bioactive compounds with antimicrobial activity. The incorporation of probiotics and plant extracts into food formulations not only enriches foodstuffs with microorganisms and phytochemicals with biologically active compounds, but also provides a means for product preservation. The current review considers the importance of the process of biological preservation for providing safe foods with high biological value, natural origin and composition, and prolonged shelf life, thereby improving consumers’ quality of life. To accomplish this goal, this review presents a series of examples showcasing natural preservatives, including beneficial bacteria, yeasts, and their metabolites, as well as phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and alkaloids from plant extracts. By summarizing numerous studies, identifying research challenges and regulatory barriers for their wider use, and outlining future directions for investigation, this article makes an original contribution to the field of biopreservation.
Nan Wang, Weiwei Wu, Jiawen Pan et al.
Microorganisms · 2019
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium fungi that is commonly found in cereal crops. ZEA has an estrogen-like effect which affects the reproductive function of animals. It also damages the liver and kidneys and reduces immune function which leads to cytotoxicity and immunotoxicity. At present, the detoxification of mycotoxins is mainly accomplished using biological methods. Microbial-based methods involve zearalenone conversion or adsorption, but not all transformation products are nontoxic. In this paper, the non-pathogenic microorganisms which have been found to detoxify ZEA in recent years are summarized. Then, two mechanisms by which ZEA can be detoxified (adsorption and biotransformation) are discussed in more detail. The compounds produced by the subsequent degradation of ZEA and the heterogeneous expression of ZEA-degrading enzymes are also analyzed. The development trends in the use of probiotics as a ZEA detoxification strategy are also evaluated. The overall purpose of this paper is to provide a reliable reference strategy for the biological detoxification of ZEA.
Aparna P. Murali, Monika Trząskowska, Joanna Trafialek
Microorganisms · 2023
The review aimed to analyse the latest data on microorganisms present in organic food, both beneficial and unwanted. In conclusion, organic food’s microbial quality is generally similar to that of conventionally produced food. However, some studies suggest that organic food may contain fewer pathogens, such as antibiotic-resistant strains, due to the absence of antibiotic use in organic farming practices. However, there is little discussion and data regarding the importance of some methods used in organic farming and the risk of food pathogens presence. Concerning data gaps, it is necessary to plan and perform detailed studies of the microbiological safety of organic food, including foodborne viruses and parasites and factors related to this method of cultivation and specific processing requirements. Such knowledge is essential for more effective management of the safety of this food. The use of beneficial bacteria in organic food production has not yet been widely addressed in the scientific literature. This is particularly desirable due to the properties of the separately researched probiotics and the organic food matrix. The microbiological quality of organic food and its potential impact on human health is worth further research to confirm its safety and to assess the beneficial properties resulting from the addition of probiotics.
Dan Sun, Shaoan Cheng, Aijie Wang et al.
Genome Announcements · 2016
ABSTRACT Strain SD-1 is the type strain of the species Geobacter anodireducens , which was originally isolated from a microbial fuel cell reactor in the United States. The characteristic of this bacterium is its high electrochemical activity. Here, we report the fully assembled genome and plasmid sequence of G. anodireducens SD-1 T .
Isidoro Garcia Garcia, Maria Gullo
Acetic Acid Bacteria · 2013
Acetic acid bacteria are a group of microorganisms able to achieve oxidation reactions from sugars and alcohols mainly producing organic acids, aldehydes and ketones. When the substrate is ethanol, acetic acid is produced, thus giving the common name <em>acetic acid bacteria</em> to this bacterial group. Acetic acid bacteria are of considerable importance in food and beverages as beneficial or detrimental bacteria. Nowadays, they play a role as biocatalysts contributing to more eco-friendly bio-based processes, since the production of important industrial molecules generate high environmental impact when chemically synthesized. Although they have a high biotechnological potential, their use at industrial scale is still restricted...
Luciana De Vero, Paolo Giudici
Acetic Acid Bacteria · 2013
Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are obligate aerobic microorganisms which have large significance in human life. Traditionally, AAB species have been used to produce fermented food and beverages thanks to their ability to oxidize ethanol to acetic acid. Moreover, in the last decades, they have been extensively investigated for other industrial biotechnology applications as the development of processes for highvalue products or biosensors. The potential exploitation of AAB diversity requires the existence of microbial culture collections, which are able to supply not only strains but essential data for fundamental microbial research. Therefore, microbial collections can be helpful to provide critical insights into AAB physiology and metabolism as well as integrate sequence data with transcriptional and functional studies to better define complex traits and develop new potential microbial processes. This article reviews the significance of microbial collections, with an overview of the well-known European Biological Resources Centers (BRCs) collecting AAB, and provides an insight into their cultivability and metabolic activity. It also discusses appropriate techniques in preserving <em>authentic</em> strains, quality control implications, databases and BRC networking as well as connections among collections and stakeholders.
Nia Z. Petrova, Soujanya Kuntam, Milán Szabó et al.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · 2025
Abstract Exoelectrogenesis is the ability of living cells to export electrons. In photosynthetic organisms, exoelectrogenesis is of particular interest because it can be used for transduction of solar energy into electric current in biophotovoltaics or reducing power for biocatalysis. Previously, we identified and characterized the green microalga Parachlorella kessleri MACC-38 producing unprecedented current largely dependent on the photosynthetic electron transport chain (PETC). In this study, our comparative photosynthetic characterization demonstrates that chlororespiration is a crucial factor maintaining the PETC redox balance in MACC-38. Our data points that the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) is activated during exoelectrogenesis to meet the increased demand of reducing power. We hypothesize that chlororespitration prevents oversaturation of PETC during OPPP activation. These findings provide valuable insights into the fundamental mechanisms of exoelectrogenesis in green algae. By elucidating the complex interconnection between PETC, OPPP and exoelectrogenesis, our results pave the way towards improved bioelectrochemical and biocatalysis technologies.
Yong Hu, David Rehnlund, Edina Klein et al.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · 2019
Abstract The use of living microorganisms integrated within electrochemical devices is an expanding field of research, with applications in microbial fuel cells, microbial biosensors or bioreactors. We describe the use of porous nanocomposite materials prepared by DNA polymerization of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and silica nanoparticles (SiNP) for the construction of a programmable biohybrid system containing the exoelectrogenic bacterium Shewanella oneidensis . We initially demonstrate the electrical conductivity of the CNT-containing DNA composite by employment of chronopotentiometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. Cultivation of Shewanella oneidensis in these materials shows that the exoelectrogenic bacteria populate the matrix of the composite, while non-exoelectrogenic Escherichia coli remain on its surface. Moreover, the ability to use extracellular electron transfer pathways is positively correlated with number of cells within the conductive synthetic biofilm matrix. The Shewanella containing composite remains stable for several days. Programmability of this biohybrid material system is demonstrated by on-demand release and degradation induced by a short-term enzymatic stimulus. The perspectives of this approach for technical applications are being discussed.
Xiaoli Zhang, Yuxia Liu, Qixing Zhou et al.
Environmental Science & Technology · 2023
Electroactive microbes can conduct extracellular electron transfer and have the potential to be applied as a bioresource to regulate soil geochemical properties and microbial communities. In this study, we incubated Fe-limited and Fe-enriched farmland soil together with electroactive microbes for 30 days; both soils were incubated with electroactive microbes and a common iron mineral, ferrihydrite. Our results indicated that the exogenous electroactive microbes decreased soil pH, total organic carbon (TOC), and total nitrogen (TN) but increased soil conductivity and promoted Fe(III) reduction. The addition of electroactive microbes also changed the soil microbial community from Firmicutes-dominated to Proteobacteria-dominated. Moreover, the total number of detected microbial species in the soil decreased from over 700 to less than 500. Importantly, the coexistence of N-transforming bacteria, Fe(III)-reducing bacteria and methanogens was also observed with the addition of electroactive microbes in Fe-rich soil, indicating the accelerated interspecies electron transfer of functional microflora.
Yihan Zhen, Cuijuan Zhang, Jiashu Yuan et al.
Journal of Materials Chemistry A · 2021
Three AQ-based materials are designed by incorporating acetamide and tetraalkylammonium ionic groups. The solubility and stability are enhanced, and the NARFB with a two-electron transfer process shows high cycling performance.
Avinava Kundu, Simmi Gautam, Biswarup Chakraborty
Journal of Materials Chemistry A · 2025
The redox and aqueous speciation chemistry of chalcogenides present in the Fe 3 X 4 (X = Se, S, O) structure also controls the electrochemical evolution of the reactive phase for alkaline oxygen evolution reaction.
Maria Victoria Martinez, Rusbel Coneo Rodriguez, Claudia R Rivarola et al.
ECS Meeting Abstracts · 2019
The loading and mass transfer of electroactive species inside polymeric hydrogels is of interest in drug delivery, analytical chemistry and water remediation. The electrochemical properties of the species could be affected by the viscoelastic properties of the gel, local ionic force and pH, as well as interactions (e.g. hydrophobic) between the ions and the polymer chains. Usually, a thin film of the hydrogel is deposited on the electrode, loaded with electroactive species and electrochemically investigated. However, the mass transfer is controlled by finite diffusion and depends of an unknown, the thickness of the layer in the experimental conditions. On the other hand, we show here that a simple set-up, consisting of a disk electrode pressed on the soft hydrogel, allows performing electrochemistry of electroactve species (redox complexes, arsenite, nitrite) loaded inside the hydrogel matrix. The redox complexes are present as dilute solutions and the hydrogel dimensions fulfill the semi-infinite diffusion boundary conditions. Therefore, the data analysis can be performed using the theoretical framework developed for electrochemical measurements in liquid solutions. The physicochemical properties of the bulk hydrogels are evaluated by measuring the swelling kinetics, in the same conditions of the electrochemical measurements. Redox cations (e.g. tris(phenanthroline)iron(II) (TPFeII)) or anions (e.g. Fe(CN) 6 -3 , (FeCN) are loaded into anionic, neutral and cationic hydrogels showing no Donnan exclusion effects. The cyclic voltammetry of the loaded species show a quasireversible electron transfer mechanism (E qre ). The electrochemical parameters (diffusion coefficient and charge transfer constant) inside hydrogels are measured using chronoamperometry and digital simulation of the cyclic voltammetry. The Stokes-Einstein equation is used to calculate the effective viscosity of the hydrogel matrixes using the diffusion coefficients of redox complexes determined inside the hydrogels and in aqueous solutions (of known viscosities). The calculated viscosities correlate, with a negative slope, with the swelling rate constant of the hydrogel matrix. The heterogeneous charge transfer constants correlate with the calculated viscosities, revealing the effect of solvent dynamics on the charge transfer, according to Marcus theory for strongly adiabatic electron transfer. In that way, it is shown that the electrochemical measurements are able to monitor the local solvation properties of the hydrogel matrix. The method can be applied in electrochemical sensing of environmental contaminants. In the case of nitrite, the charge transfer is slow on glassy carbon (GC) electrodes. Therefore a redox catalyst (TPFeII) and nitrite are simultaneously absorbed in an anionic hydrogel and the redox electrocatalysis occurs inside the hydrogel matrix. On the other hand, the sensing of arsenite is made using Co oxide nanoparticles adsorbed on the GC electrode with arsenite loaded inside the hydrogel.
K. W. WILLMAN, R. D. ROCKLIN, R. NOWAK et al.
Chemischer Informationsdienst · 1981
Abstract Unter Verwendung von 4‐(MethyldichlorsilyD‐butyrylchlorid können nach aufgezeigtem Schema in Abhängigkeit von den Reaktionsbedingungen Aminophenylferrocen und Tetrakis‐(p‐aminophenyl)‐porphyrin kovalent an glasartige Kohlenstoff‐ und oberflächenoxidierte Pt‐Elektroden gebunden werden.
Takuma Matsuo, Dan Sato, Sang-Gyu Koh et al.
ECS Meeting Abstracts · 2022
Physical Reservoir Computing (PRC) has recently attracted significant attention as a computational method suitable for the edge AI computing, which requires both the high performance of information processing and energy conservative operation. There are two standard methods for evaluating PRC performance: the short-term memory (STM) task for the memory capacity and the parity check (PC) task for the nonlinear conversion capacity. We have developed PR device utilizing Faradaic currents generated by the redox reaction of metal ions in ionic liquids (ILs) and the impact of metal ions in ILs on the STM characteristics has been evaluated by comparing the RC device using metal-ion doped IL with that using non-doped (pure) IL [1] . In this study, we investigated the effect of Faradaic current on the STM and PC tasks by extracting the Faradaic current from the output signal when the triangular shaped input voltage pulse was applied to the PR device. It was found out that the peak shaped Faradaic current in the output signal improves not only the memory capacity but also the nonlinear conversion capability. A reservoir device with a transverse Pt/SiO 2 /Pt structure was prepared (Fig. 1) and solvated IL, Cu(Tf 2 N) 2 -Glyme(G3)=1:1 [2] , was provided between the Pt electrodes as a reaction field where electrochemical reaction of Cu actively takes place. In order to prevent unnecessary copper deposition on the top surface of the Pt electrode, all areas other than the Pt electrode tip was covered with SiO 2 . As a result, a structure that allows deposition only between the terminals was realized. Furthermore, to prevent the migration of the IL by the application of an electric field, an IL pool surrounded by a resist wall was formed by patterning a spin-coated photoresist AZ5214E with a thickness of 2 µm. Au/Ti (100/10 nm) was deposited as the contact pad. The device characteristics were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry. In addition, a response of the device to the triangular pulses was investigated by using the B1530A WGFMU (waveform generator / fast measurement unit). STM and PC tasks were used to evaluate the time series data processing ability. In the present study, an artificial time-series data consisting of randomly connected binary data (0 and 1) was input to one of the Pt electrodes as the triangular shaped voltage pulse stream, while the other electrode was grounded. The positive and negative voltages were defined as 2bit data, ‘1’ and ‘0’, respectively. As shown in Fig. 2, triangular voltage pulse streams shown by the blue line were input to the reservoir device, and output current shown by red line was observed. Current peak appears when the polarity of the input signal is switched from positive to negative and vice versa (black arrow), but the peak intensity decreases when application of voltage pulses with the same polarity are continuously repeated. In addition, Cu deposition on the Pt electrode was observed. These results indicate that the origin of the peak is the Faradaic current generated by the electroactive species near the electrode. We divided output current data into two parts; the first half (yellow region), the latter half (green region). The first half corresponds to the rising part of the triangular pulse and involves the Faradaic current. On the other hand, the latter half corresponds to the descending part of the triangular pulse and is more featureless compared with the first half. We found that the accuracy of STM task was much higher when the first half was used. This tendency was also confirmed for the PC task. In PRC based on the concept of virtual nodes using a single physical device [3] , the output signal complexity is considered to be related to the multidimensional transformation capability, which is one of indispensable property for PRC [4] . The present results suggest that the redox reaction of electroactive species in the IL increases the complexity of the output signal and improves the ability to extract time-series features. We thank Mr. Hiroshi Sato for supporting device fabrication processes. A part of this work was supported by "Nanotechnology Platform Program", Grant Number JPMXPF21NM0006. [1] D. Sato et al ., MEMRISYS 2021, 4A-7 (2021). [2] H. Yamaoka et al ., Chem. Lett., 46, 1832-1835 (2017). [3] L. Appeltant et al ., Nat. Commun., 2, 468 (2011). [4] L. Appeltant et al ., Sci. Rep., 4, 3629 (2014). Figure 1
Ben Dlugatch, Yogendra Kumar, Ran Attias et al.
Journal of The Electrochemical Society · 2025
Abstract The chemistry of the electrolyte solutions that enable reversible Mg deposition is not trivial. Such solutions are currently limited to ethereal solvents and most of them contain chlorides complexes. These ionic complexes have important role in the performance. However, the presence of chlorides in these solutions complicates the cathode side because such solutions are not compatible with the commonly used metallic current collectors for cathodes. Consequently, it is questionable whether it is possible to synthesize fully functional Cl-free electrolyte solutions suitable commercial Mg-ion batteries. Noked et al. reported that by adding DME to the precursor electrolyte [Mg2Cl3*6THF]+ [Ph3AlCl]- in THF, it was possible to create a new electroactive complex Mg salt, namely, [Mg-3.DME]2+ 2[AlPh3Cl]-, which solution performs better than the precursor’s solution. This solution introduces a new case of chlorides free electrolyte solution, with stabilized Mg2+ cations and anions containing chloride ligands which cannot lead to corrosion phenomena. In this work a full evaluation of selected electrolyte solution was carried out, considering rigorously the role of the electroactive species and the anion complexes in the electrochemical process. &#xD;In addition, we study the effect of the anion on the electrochemical performance by comparing this solution with other previously presented solutions.&#xD;
P. Stonehart, H. A. Kozlowska, Brian Evans Conway
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences · 1969
The relation between reaction rate and potential (or time) for electrochemical surface processes occurring under potentiodynamic control (linear potential-time programme) has been investigated with particular reference to the behaviour of thin surface oxide films on noble metals. The kinetics of processes involving adsorbed electroactive species are treated for several model cases; the rate equations are developed for mechanisms involving various reaction orders or for processes involving adsorbed reactant interactions and surface heterogeneity effects. By examination of the dependence of the reaction rate (current) with time and the effect of potential scan rate, v , on the maximum reaction velocity and the potential at which it occurs, the models may be distinguished. In this manner, the interdependence of v and the reaction velocity constants k a and k c for the anodic oxidation and the cathodic reduction processes respectively, can be quantitatively established. The relation between quasi-equilibrium situations where the reverse reaction is significant and irreversible situations where it is not can be demonstrated. Heterogeneity terms introduced into the kinetic relations express deviations from Langmuir adsorption behaviour and may be an intrinsic property of the substrate surface or a property of the adsorbed reactant (induced heterogeneity). Applications of the treatment are made to reduction of surface oxide species at the noble metals and the significance of hysteresis and time effects in the processes of electrochemical formation and reduction of surface oxide at platinum, rhodium, iridium and palladium is investigated.
Kazuko Ogino (née Ebata), Nobuyuki Tanaka
Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan · 1966
Abstract The one-electron reduction wave of hexamminechromiuni(III) ions at the dropping mercury electrode splits into two steps by the presence of manganese (II) and ethylenediaminetetraacetato-manganate(II) (MnY2−; Y4− represents a quadrivalent ethylenediaminetetraacetate anion) ions. The limiting current of the first step was considered to depend on the rate of the formation of CrY2− by the substitution reaction of MnY2− and chromium(II) ions which were produced at the electrode by the reduction of the chromium(III) complex ions. From the change in the limiting current of the first step by the change of the concentrations of Mn2+, MnY2− and H+ the rate constants of the complex-forming reaction (Remark: Graphics omitted.) were obtained to be K1f=8×107 l.mol−1sec−1,K1b=4×104 l.mol−1sec−1 (ionicstrength 1.0, 25°C)
Luis Angel Contreras-Pimentel, Hiram Hernández-López, Ismailía L. Escalante-García et al.
ECS Meeting Abstracts · 2018
The generation of energy from renewable sources (solar and wind) is limited by the weather conditions that turn them into intermittent sources. In addition to this, and due to the large amount of energy produced while minimum demand, energy storage technologies are urgently needed. Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are a very attractive technology for large-scale energy storage [1]. Currently RFB systems are mostly based on redox reactions of electroactive metal ions, which are limited by their abundance, low solubility, high cost and toxicity. However, organic species have generated great interest [2]. Quinones are the main organic redox active species that have a key role in the electron transport processes of biological systems depending on molecular aromaticity and their electronic structures [3]; for example, the synthesis of ATP and photosynthesis [4]. However, the synthesis of redox species based on quinone analogs for RFB is associated with the unnecessary factor of human and monetary capital. Therefore, the current computer tools allow great opportunities to screen for valuable quinone species for RFB, as well to optimize resources. In this work, a chemical system derived from quinones was proposed as possible electroactive species as redox electrolyte for energy storage applications (Figure 1). Computer calculations of the chemical system were carried out to determine the difference in eV between HOMO-LUMO (Egap) in order to predict their electron transfer ability, as well, the relationship towards their redox properties for RFB applications. First, the molecules shown in Figure 1 were modeled in the program molden to obtain the z matrices. Then, theoretical calculations were performed by Gaussian v.0.9 using the functional hybrid B3LYP with the base 6-311 + G (d, p) in order to obtain the difference of eV between the HOMO-LUMO of the molecules. Subsequently, t he proposed molecules were synthesized by Michael addition of 1,4 (DNQ1-6) using substituted anilines. Here, the synthesis reactions were carried out at 70°C for 12 h. On the other hand, the triazole in the DNQ8 was synthesized by means of a catalyzed 1,3-dipolar addition cycle of Huisgen. Electrochemical Studies were carried out by cyclic and linear voltammetry to evaluate the redox reactions, reversibility and the diffusion coefficients in order to confirm the theoretical calculations of the proposed system. The theoretical calculations results showed that all materials have a lower E gap compared to their predecessor NQ (E gap =3.984eV), Figure 1. Therefore, it is possible to say that the DNQ1-8 compounds are suitable as redox electrolyte for flow batteries since at lower E gap higher electrical conductivity, according to the theory of frontier molecular orbitals [5]. Particularly, the DNQ3 and DNQ6 presented the lowest E gap , thus, these compounds could be a very attractive option for a fast electron transfer at the electrode/electrolyte interface in a RFB. All the molecules proposed in Figure 1 were synthesized as describe above. The yields were from 63% to 81%. The molecules synthesized with chlorinated reagents exhibit the highest yield and it was attributed to the presence of a better leaving group. UV-vis studies were performed to support the correspondence of the E gap by theoretical calculations. For instance, a batochromic shift of the interactions η → π * was observed at 480 nm approximately for the DNQ1 as compared to this for the DNQ3 at 540 nm approximately. These preliminary results agreed with the theoretical calculations, higher E gap for the DNQ1 as compared to lower E gap for the DNQ3. Overall, the proposed system seems to be suitable for energy storage applications in RFBs, however, electrochemical studies are being carried out and will be presented at the conference in order to confirm these results. References Skyllas-Kazacos, M., Chakrabarti, M. H., Hajimolana, S. A., Mjalli, F. S. & Saleem, M. “Progress in flow battery research and development”, J. Electrochem . No. 158, p. R55-R79 (2011). Song, Z. & Zhou, H. “Towards sustainable and versatile energy storage devices: an overview of organic electrode materials”, Energy Environ . No. 6, p. 2280–2301 (2013). Ding, Y., Li, Y. & Yu, G. “Exploring bio-inspired quinone-based organic redox flow batteries: a combined experimental and computational study”, Chem No.1, p . 790–801 (2016). Quan, M., Sanchez, D., Wasylkiw, M. F. & Smith, D. K. “Voltammetry of quinones in unbuffered aqueous solution”, J Am Chem Soc . No. 129, p. 12847–12856 (2007). Tsuji, Y. & Hoffmann, R. “Frontier orbital control of molecular conductance and its switching”, Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. No. 53, p. 4093–4097 (2014). Figure 1
Michael J. Honeychurch, Michael J. Ridd
Electroanalysis · 1995
Abstract A theory to describe the enhancement of the transition time and change in peak shape for the chronopotentiometric reduction of an adsorbed species caused by the reduction of an electroactive diffusing species is presented. The equations were derived for planar, cylindrical and spherical electrodes and verified for the chronopotentiometric reduction of adsorbed cystine, as mercurous cysteine thiolate, on a hanging mercury drop electrode in the presence of dissolved oxygen.
A. Robert Hillman, Mohamoud A. Mohamoud, Stanley Bruckenstein
Electroanalysis · 2005
Abstract The mobile species (ion and solvent) content of permselective electroactive films can be represented in 3D compositional space, where the three components are potential ( E ), charge ( Q ) and solvent population ( Γ S ). Having introduced this concept for films undergoing redox switching under thermodynamic control with ideal solvation characteristics, it was previously shown how one could introduce the additional complexity of non‐ideal solvation characteristics, or slow charge (electron/ion) transfer kinetics, or slow solvent transfer kinetics. Here, the facility is developed to incorporate any combination of these complexities, providing a more realistic model for “typical” electroactive films. Additionally, the possibility of “asymmetry” in the entry and exit rates of mobile species is considered. A range of specific kinetic and thermodynamic scenarios is explored for a cyclic voltammetric potential control function and represented in ( E , Q, Γ S )‐space and through solvent:ion flux ratios. These integral and differential compositional representations are directly applicable to experimental data from a wide range of in situ techniques and allow simple visualization and qualitative recognition of specific behavioral types. The responses vary significantly with potential scan rate, underscoring the value of varying experimental timescale in order to highlight specific phenomena and thereby evaluate the relevant thermodynamic or kinetic parameters.
Takuya Okazaki, Masaki Yoshioka, Tatsuya Orii et al.
Electroanalysis · 2023
Abstract We present an electrochemical‐lossy mode resonance (LMR) sensing method that detects refractive indices and electroactive species. The LMR peaks of indium‐tin‐oxide in the transmittance‐wavelength spectra were significantly shifted as the applied potential between 1.0 and −0.5 V at 209 nm/V. The modulation was exploited for sensing the refractive index and electroactive species (ferrocyanide and methylene blue) in two ways: peak‐wavelength tracking and potential scanning. The potential‐scanning technique produced clear potential LMR peaks in the transmittance‐potential spectra for the first time, which were corresponded to the external refractive index. Meanwhile, the limits of detection of ferrocyanide and methylene blue were 7.5 and 25.3 μM, respectively, in peak‐wavelength tracking and 18.2 and 20.8 μM, respectively, in the potential scanning technique.
Christopher B. Gorman
Advanced Materials · 1997
The role of a dendrimer as an encapsulating shell around small molecules or the dendrimer core itself are briefly outlined. It is shown that encapsulation by a dendrimer reduces the rate of electron transfer to or from a redox‐active moiety incorporated in the core according to the degree of branching around the core. Development of this idea could lead to a molecular switch or an information storage device. The use of the properties of the core in order to obtain information about the shape, internal organization, and environment within a dendrimer is also outlined and an example given.
L. R. Dalton
MRS Proceedings · 1987
ABSTRACT A general scheme for the preparation of soluble electroactive polymers is reviewed with emphasis that polymers so prepared permit investigation of the effects of π-electron delocalization and lattice charge upon nonlinear optical activity. Particular attention is focused upon six membered ring polymer derivatized in 1,4 positions with vinylamine substituents. Such substituents influence rates of polymerization reactions and electronic properties as well as solubility. Preliminary measurement of χ (3) for as-synthesized polymers is effected by DFWM.
Homayoun Jamasbi, Yen Wei
· 2001
Electroactive polymers have been identified as novel corrosion inhibiting coatings for metals. Among all the electroactive polymers studied so far, polyaniline is the first to achieve commercial availability. However, one problem associated with large-scale commercial applications is the limited processibility. Furthermore, among the inherent drawbacks is the non-unity polydispersity in molecular weight and the existence of structural defects. Another potential problem with polyaniline is poor adhesion to metal substrates. Aniline oligomers, on the other hand, could be prepared in well defined structures with unity or near unity polydispersity. They demonstrate enhanced solubility and processibility due to lower molecular weight. End groups could be varied to different functional groups and as a result various polymeric derivatives of aniline oligomers could be prepared. The epoxy cured amino terminated aniline has demonstrated excellent adhesion to cold rolled steel, and a far better performance than polyaniline. In this thesis, for the first time, we have performed a series of systematic comparative exposure studies containing various aniline oligomers and their epoxy cured derivatives both as coatings and as additives against the best of commercially available conventional systems. We have successfully demonstrated the superior corrosion protection properties of aniline oligomers and their epoxy cured derivatives for practical, industrial applications. In particular, the epoxy cured amino terminated aniline trimer demonstrated outstanding corrosion protection property at low film thickness. We performed the exposure tests based on the two widely accepted industrial standards per ASTM (AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS). They are: ASTM B 117-97 (Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus), and ASTM D 5894-96 Cyclic Salt Fog/UV Exposure of Painted Metal, (Alternating Exposures in a Fog/Dry Cabinet and a UV/Condensation Cabinet). In order for the data to have universal acceptance, there are also grading and interpretation requirements based on ASTM. Therefore, we used ASTM D 1654-92 (Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments).
L. H. Han, T. J. Lu
Volume 1 · 2004
Electroactive polymers (EAPs), such as piezoelectric polymer, polyelectrolyte gels, dielectric elastomer and conducting polymer etc., are emerging as a new type of actuation materials for a broad range of actuator and transducer applications, because of their higher strain, higher response and higher efficiency. Acrylic elastomer films have demonstrated higher specific energy density (0.4J/g) and more than 100% actuated strains, and have been recommended for the artificial muscle actuators. Much research has been carried out to investigate the actuation properties of EAP films, however, little information is available for the mechanical properties of EAP films, which are crucial for designing EAP actuators. This work focuses on developing a means of characterizing the mechanical properties of EAP thin film materials, describing the mechanical behavior with the suitable constitutive models and determining the material parameters for the development of actuators. To measure the mechanical properties of EAP films, a uniaxial testing system is developed, which consists of a small-scale force transducer, a CCD camera, a National Instruments card and a laser displacement transducer. The loading and unloading cycles on film specimens are controlled by an Instron Machine. The applied force and the total are stored in the computer by the National Instrument card. A sequence of 2D images are recorded by the CCD camera to capture the deformation process of the film sample. Then, the displacements of the marks on the film surface vertical to the thickness plane are calculated from the sequential images by image analysis techniques. There are several well-known models available to describe the mechanical behaviors of the EAP films, such as Neo-Hookean, Mooney-Rivlin and Ogden models etc. To determine the most suitable constitutive models and corresponding material constants, a generalized method based on finite element analysis is proposed and implemented by interfacing with ABAQUS finite element package. The kernel of the method is to minimize the difference between the measured displacement field and the computed displacement field. A global optimisation algorithm, simulated annealing (SA), is used to minimize the objective. The experimental investigation on the mechanical properties of the dielectric elastomer film (VHB4910) is presented as an example to demonstrate the functions of the testing system and the developed method. The developed testing system and method can also be used for characterizing the mechanical properties of other EAP film materials.
Tian-Bing Xu, Ji Su
Aerospace · 2004
An electroactive polymer-ceramic hybrid actuation system (HYBAS) was recently developed. The HYBAS demonstrates significantly-enhanced electromechanical performance by utilizing advantages of cooperative contributions of the electromechanical responses of an electrostrictive copolymer and an electroactive single crystal. The hybrid actuation system provides not only a new type of device but also a concept to utilize different electroactive materials in a cooperative and efficient method for optimized electromechanical performance. In order to develop an effective procedure to optimize the performance of a hybrid actuation system (HYBAS), a theoretical model has been developed, based on the elastic and electromechanical properties of the materials utilized in the system and on the configuration of the device. The model also evaluates performance optimization as a function of geometric parameters, including the length of the HYBAS and the thickness ratios of the constituent components. The comparison between the model and the experimental results shows a good agreement and validates the model as an effective method for the further development of high performance actuating devices or systems for various applications.
Nirmal Singh Mahar, Kartik Aiyer, Juwayria et al.
Microbiology Resource Announcements · 2023
The draft genome sequence of Delftia sp. is reported here. The genome was recovered from a mixed-species electroactive community in a microbial fuel cell that had been inoculated with wastewater from the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India. Sequencing was performed using Nanopore technology.
Jana Marie Wächter
· 2024
Bacterial biofilms are polymicrobial aggregates embedded in a self-produced matrix, which consists of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). In a clinical context, bacterial biofilms are related to the development of chronic infections. Notably, their unique properties confer persistence in host niches despite antimicrobial treatment and the host immune response, where their distinct virulence exacerbates disease progression. In vitro models for bacterial biofilms have been developed. Simple models typically provide artificial growth environments, resulting in biofilm development diverging from in vivo biofilms. Consequently, sophisticated models incorporate growth conditions mimicking the environment of chronic infections. Still, they lack host cells, as the pathogenic bacteria cause cytotoxic effects during biofilm formation. In this context, electrospinning represents a promising approach, due to the ability to design nanofibrous scaffolds that closely mimic biological matrices, while maintaining mechanical strength for non-destructive handling in in vitro experiments. The objective of this thesis was to develop an in vitro biofilm model for chronic wound infections based on electrospun scaffolds, offering high clinical relevance through its close representation of in vivo conditions, the capacity to explore host-biofilm interfaces, and the incorporation of multiple bacterial species within a single biofilm. Three-dimensional electrospun scaffolds of cellulose acetate (CA) and gelatin were fabricated as scaffolds for biofilm development. The scaffolds were designed to possess composition and physicochemical properties similar to native biofilm microenvironments. Furthermore, high mechanical strength was required to enable the transfer of mature biofilms. The CA-based scaffolds, alone and in combination with gelatin, fulfilled the necessary criteria for physicochemical properties. Gelatin fiber scaffolds were limited due to rapid dissolution in aqueous environments. P. aeruginosa colonization of CA scaffolds did not result in three-dimensional model systems. In contrast, fiber scaffolds of CA and gelatin promoted bacterial distribution throughout their entire dimensions and enabled matrix production. Along with the formation of aggregates and a dense biofilm morphology, this confirmed their maturation. Their high antibiotic tolerance demonstrated the functional properties of mature biofilms. Subsequently, the high mechanical strength of the biofilm models on blend scaffolds enabled the transfer of mature biofilms to ex vivo human skin wounds, imitating a chronic state of wound infection. The novel biofilm model based on nanofibrous scaffolds addressed the major limitations of existing biofilm models by mimicking the native microenvironment of infectious biofilms and facilitating the examination of biofilm-host interfaces. In the next step, the developed biofilm model system was used to evaluate host biofilm interactions. For this study, in vitro and ex vivo models of human skin wounds were infected with pre-cultivated biofilms of P. aeruginosa. Regarding the structural characterization of biofilm infected wound models, all models enabled biofilm growth in close contact to the wound bed, creating ideal conditions for biofilm host interactions. In the case of viable wound models, an active immune response was demonstrated with cytokine gene expression patterns consistent with in vivo observations. Furthermore, the tissue viability was found to impact bacterial colonization behavior in the wound bed. These observations underscored the relevance of using viable models for studying direct biofilm-host-interactions. The new biofilm model, combined with human wound models of various complexities, demonstrated its applicability across a spectrum of research fields, from basic investigations to translational approaches. Biofilms in persistent wound infections typically exhibit a polymicrobial nature. Previous investigations have largely concentrated on single species due to the challenges of co-cultivating biofilms of multiple pathogens in vitro. P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were selected to create mono and dual-species biofilms. P. aeruginosa mono-species biofilms and dual-species biofilms exhibited rapid biofilm development. In contrast, the development of S. aureus biofilms was delayed. Initially, the presence of P. aeruginosa stimulated the adhesion of S. aureus in the dual-species biofilms. However, P. aeruginosa became increasingly dominant, revealing both cooperative and competitive interactions. In dual-species biofilms, both species existed in close proximity, essential for interbacterial interactions. All models exhibited high tolerance to antibiotic treatment. The biofilm matrix acting as a penetration barrier was demonstrated as a major factor. Constituents of P. aeruginosa mono-species and dual-species biofilms impaired wound healing by stimulating host immune responses and reducing cell viability. In contrast, S. aureus biofilms appeared to exhibit proliferative effects with no impairment of wound healing. The biofilm model facilitated the co-cultivation of multiple species in one biofilm, underscoring its similarity to the in vivo environment.