Discover insights from thousands of peer-reviewed papers on microbial electrochemical systems
Wanjia Hu, Yue Cai, Xingqi Li et al.
· 2025
Soil microbes play an important role in stabilizing soil organic carbon (C) as microbial residues, a process known as soil ‘microbial C pump’ (MCP). Accurately assessing MCP efficiency is essential for understanding microbial-mediated soil C sequestration. Conventional assessments based on microbial C use efficiency (CUE) hinge on microbial biomass only and do not include microbial necromass, which may not depict MCP efficiency. Here we propose a relatively simple and rapid approach based on 13C-glucose amendment experiment to assess microbial C accumulation efficiency (CAE)  as a novel metric for assessing MCP efficiency. We first validated the approach by showing negligible retention of glucose to soils with a wide range of edaphic properties. Glucose-derived 13C may hence be considered to represent microbial C (including biomass and residues) after a few days of addition, given the rapid uptake of glucose by microbes. Microbial CAE may thus be assessed as the recovery of glucose-derived 13C in the soil. By further conducting a meta-analysis of literature data involving isotopically labeled glucose amendment experiments, we revealed distinct variation patterns and influencing factors of microbial CAE and CUE across various terrestrial ecosystems. Compared to CUE which is mainly regulated by factors influencing microbial physiological processes (particularly substrate availability), CAE is jointly regulated by factors that influence microbial growth (e.g., biomass and climate) and residue preservation (e.g., clay content). These findings underscore that CAE is decoupled from CUE. Incorporating CAE into soil C models may provide new insights into future SOC dynamics under climate change.
Yashfa Khalid, Arifa Tahir, Naseem Akhtar et al.
Carbon Neutral Systems · 2025
Abstract Cement production is highly carbon-intensive and contributes significantly to carbon emissions. The study aimed to estimate the carbon footprint of sawdust combustion compared to coal, highlighting the ecological benefits of sawdust as an alternative energy source. Refuse-derived fuel energy was produced by converting waste into alternative fuels to replace coal. This process can reduce the carbon footprint and provide additional environmental credentials. For this, we used one year of data to compare the carbon footprints of coal and sawdust sourced from furniture factories, which were burned in the local cement industry. The carbon footprint was evaluated by identifying the key emission categories, collecting relevant data, and calculating greenhouse gas emissions. The calorific value of coal was found to be 24 MJ/kg, while that of sawdust was 17.5 MJ/kg. An average of 586.116 tons of sawdust was used monthly, peaking at 1,302.60 tons in October 2023 and dropping to 34.735 tons in May 2024. Monthly, 974.08 tCO₂e emissions were generated from sawdust, with October 2023 recording the highest release at 2,164.83 tCO₂e. In contrast, coal combustion in the same month released 2931.12 tCO₂e, resulting in a 766.29 tCO₂e difference. In May 2024, sawdust usage was minimal, resulting in a release of only 57.73 tCO₂e, with a difference of 11.97 tCO₂e. By increasing the mass of the sawdust-to-coal ratio, its heating value can be matched to that of coal. The study found that while sawdust has a lower calorific value than coal, it produces significantly less CO₂ emissions per unit of energy generated, making it a cleaner alternative in terms of greenhouse gas output. The research highlighted sawdust as a sustainable energy source. Graphical Abstract
Toyin Onafujabi
Prosperitas · 2021
Purpose – This paper seeks to explore the transition and process of migrating from high dependence on internal combustion engine (ICE), to one that is a sustainable carbon neutral fleet. Design/Methodology/Approach – Comparative studies will be completed for commercial vehicles with combustion engines and carbon-neutral alternative vehicles. Findings – This paper provides informed decision for people who may wish to consider alternative sustainable carbon neutral propulsion systems. Practical implications – Historically, modes of transportation rely on the conversion of chemical (stored) energy to motion via the use of internal combustion engine (ICE). However, with more awareness, rise in “Green” consumers, and government policies, businesses are open to exploring sustainability and reducing their carbon footprint contribution to the environment. This study suggests that there will be some level of trade-off discussions needed to make such decisions based on the different requirements, industries, geographical locations, and the environment in which such businesses operate. Some companies will be able to justify the need to be more carbon neutral, though some may not, or off-set the capital outlay required to transition and remain carbon neutral, without some form of external help.
Qi Cheng, Lizhuo Wang, Jun Huang
Carbon Neutral Systems · 2025
Abstract Addressing the grand challenge of climate change, carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies have gained significant attention. However, the high energy consumption of conventional CCUS limits its economic feasibility for widespread application. Drawing inspiration from nature, using sustainable solar irradiation to drive CCUS offers a promising solution, with the core challenge being the development of efficient solar-driven catalysts for CO 2 upcycling, akin to natural photosynthesis. This review comprehensively explores the structure–activity relationship of nanocatalysts in three solar-driven catalytic CO 2 reduction systems: photocatalytic CO 2 reduction, plasmonic catalytic CO 2 reduction, and photoelectrocatalytic CO 2 reduction. The paper begins with an introduction to the fundamental theories, thermodynamics, kinetics, reaction mechanisms, and key factors involved in these solar-driven CO 2 reduction processes. It then focuses on applying photocatalysts (PC) with various structures, including multidimensional structures, junctions, and metallic or alloy compositions, which enhance light absorption, facilitate charge transfer, electron–hole pair separation, and increase active sites. In photoelectrocatalytic (PEC), metal–semiconductor junctions enhance product selectivity, while semiconductor–semiconductor junctions improve overall efficiency. In plasmonic photocatalysis (PPC), introducing localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) metals and bimetallic nanocatalysts significantly boosts the efficiency and selectivity of CO 2 conversion through hot-electron participation. By thoroughly analyzing the performance of various catalysts in different solar reaction systems, this review aims to provide a scientific foundation and innovative ideas for future research, advancing sustainable CO2 reduction technology development. Graphical Abstract
Murali Krishna Pasupuleti
Artificial Intelligence and Climate Resilience: Building Carbon-Neutral Cities and Sustainable Agriculture · 2024
This chapter explores the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in achieving a carbon-neutral future by enhancing sustainability in both urban and agricultural systems. AI-driven innovations are revolutionizing energy efficiency, resource management, and disaster resilience, contributing to significant reductions in carbon emissions. In urban settings, AI optimizes energy use through smart grids, facilitates the adoption of renewable energy, and supports sustainable infrastructure. In agriculture, AI powers precision farming, optimizes water and soil management, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions from livestock. The chapter also examines the synergy between urban and agricultural systems, highlighting AI’s role in sustainable food supply chains, urban farming, and agroforestry. Challenges such as data privacy, economic barriers, and technological limitations are addressed, along with future trends in AI-driven renewable energy integration, climate prediction, and global collaboration for sustainability. AI is positioned as a critical tool in the global push towards carbon neutrality and resilience. Keywords: AI, carbon neutrality, sustainable strategies, urban resilience, agricultural resilience, smart cities, precision farming, renewable energy, disaster resilience, sustainable food supply chains, urban farming, carbon capture, climate prediction, agroforestry, global sustainability.
Tina Soliman Hunter, Jun Huang, Yijiao Jiang
Carbon Neutral Systems · 2025
Abstract Australia’s path to net-zero emissions by 2050 depends heavily on the development and commercialisation of hydrogen as a substitute for hydrocarbons across transport, power generation, and industrial heat sectors. With hydrocarbons currently supplying over 90% of national energy needs, hydrogen must scale rapidly to fill the gap. Existing low-carbon hydrogen production methods, blue hydrogen via steam methane reforming and green hydrogen via electrolysis, are constrained by high water requirements, posing a challenge in water-scarce regions targeted for hydrogen development. This paper investigates dry reforming of methane (DRM) as a water-independent alternative, using CO₂ as a reactant. DRM offers dual benefits: reduced reliance on freshwater resources and the utilisation of CO₂, supporting broader emissions reduction goals. Recent improvements in nickel-copper catalyst performance enhance the viability of DRM for industrial-scale hydrogen production. The Middle Arm Precinct in the Northern Territory is highlighted as an ideal site for implementation, given its access to offshore gas fields containing both methane and CO₂, presenting a unique opportunity for resource-integrated, low-emission hydrogen production.
Drashti Solanki, Manan Shah, Mitul Prajapati
Carbon Neutral Systems · 2025
Abstract This study explores the impact of the excessive utilization of fossil fuels on the environment. It highlights the potential of utilizing non-conventional energy sources, specifically geothermal and wind energy, to produce green hydrogen. The study includes various hydrogen production methods that integrate with these non-conventional energy resources and evaluates their feasibility as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. The processes involved in hydrogen production include the Kalina cycle, the Rankine cycle, and the utilization of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolysis. The paper also addresses the challenges & opportunities associated with green hydrogen production, including environmental impacts, investment costs, infrastructure limitations and land availability. Additionally, it provides insights into the economic & environmental benefits of adopting renewable energy-integrated hydrogen production. It proposes solutions to overcome the identified challenges, ultimately promoting a carbon-free future.
Dorji Yangka, Vanessa Rauland, Peter Newman
Research Square · 2020
Abstract Background: Bhutan has pledged to remain carbon neutral (CN) in perpetuity. Whether they can sustain this is questionable due to the country’s increasing economic growth (GDP) and commitment to gross national happiness (GNH) outcomes, both of which can lead to a rise in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The nexus between GHG, GNH and GDP is the essence of the sustainable development global project. Results: Through scenario modelling using the Long-range Energy Alternative Planning (LEAP) model, the study finds that the carbon neutral declaration will derail between 2037 and 2050 without mitigation measures. By putting in place mitigation measures especially in the industry and transport, CN can be retained even under high growth pressure, which may cost just 2% of GDP. CN can be easily retained under low economic growth, but this could undermine GNH. Conclusions: The options to remain CN will require Bhutan to adopt more efficient technologies and electrify industry and transport under both low and high growth scenarios. The additional cost to the Bhutanese economy is feasible through low and high growth opportunities. The options are similar to those confronting emerging nations struggling with issues of climate commitments under economic growth pressures.
Oliver Schwedes, Konrad Otto-Zimmermann
Preprints.org · 2021
With its sights set on sustainable development, transport policy finds itself confronted with the challenge of convincing people to abandon the current path of growth and instead use small, slower vehicles with a reduced range in the future. The problem with this goal is that people's mental structures are shaped by the car ensconced in their heads. Thinking in other terms hardly seems possible; moreover, many of the products classified as vehicles, but smaller in scale than the "car" and that already exist, remain unknown, nor can they be tried out - they are quite literally nowhere to be seen. In light of this situation, the German Federal Environmental Foundation has commissioned a feasibility study to explore the establishment of a World of Experience (Erlebniswelt) of sustainable urban mobility - the EcoMobileum®. Here, the aim is to open up the horizons of a new culture of mobility in order to get people excited about the transformation of mobility.
James Ohioma I Arukhe
International Petroleum Technology Conference · 2014
Abstract The Manifa field development is a megaproject, the world's largest offshore hydrocarbon production increment built in a single phase. Manifa is the world's largest extended reach oil project (2/3 of project's 350 wells are extended reach wells). Manifa's rare species, its marine life in shallow estuaries, and the local communities dwellers who reliance on fishing for survival imposed environmental challenges for the field's development. Consequently the twin objectives for optimization were environmental stewardship and ensuring operational field development excellence. Grassroots efforts in re-developing the field required value-added technical solutions that honor the triple bottom line - economic, social, and environmental objectives. The scope of this paper is to present some engineering solutions for developing the field considering the related ecosystems. The successful field commissioning in April 2013, and the subsequent delivery of the project's first milestone, allows for a thorough analysis and consideration of important variables for meeting Manifa development objectives, and sustainable partnerships that ensure local expertise development. The ecologically sensitive and highly productive nature of Manifa's coastal location necessitated the involvement of marine specialists in comprehensive environmental assessments at project conception to reduce the developmental footprint on the marine environment. Therefore, active construction around the northern part of the causeway was eliminated for better water circulation in the Manifa-Tanajib bay. In addition, the design consideration for the route selection for the causeway and islands ensured minimum disturbance to coral reefs and dense sea-grass meadows. The conversion of 70% of the offshore field into an onshore development through the construction of 27 artificial islands, linked with 41 km of causeway, resulted in major resources and environmental gain as offshore platform requirements and environmental footprints were reduced by more than 50%. Several new technologies enabled the unique Manifa development from ultra-deep high departure well placement to a variety of coiled tubing conveyance solutions. The implications of pushing technological frontiers for environmentally friendly development in a huge and complex field like Manifa holds significant promise for overcoming developmental challenges under similar situations. Background The Manifa oil field on the northeast coast of Saudi Arabia is 15% greater than the size of Singapore. With an aerial extent of more than 800 km2 under shallow waters, the field is one of the world's biggest oil fields. Historically, the Manifa oil field was discovered more than 50 years ago when production of crude oil was minimal. Therefore, Saudi Aramco decided to lay off the operations to a later date. With new technology, the company decided to develop Manifa field to produce Arab Heavy crude oil. About 70% of the field was primarily offshore, while 30% of the field was onshore.
Jasbir S Gill
CORROSION 2006 · 2006
Abstract This paper describes the performance of a new low-phosphate molecule for scale and corrosion control under various industrial conditions. The results are compared to several well-established existing corrosion and scale control treatments in the water treatment industry. The molecule is very stable both hydrothermally and in an oxidizing environment. The laboratory study is supplemented with two case histories in the power generation industry. One of the power plants is a coal-fired zero-liquid discharge (ZLD) and the other is a nuclear power plant. At the latter plant, the new treatment was used for service water and recirculating cooling tower. As seasonal variation changed the water chemistry from soft to moderately hard water, the treatment continued to effectively treat corrosion and scale, respectively. The low phosphate level in the treatment allowed the plant to use part of the once-through service water as make-up to the cooling tower without any additional treatment. The new corrosion treatment, at a total phosphate level of <1 PPM (as PO4), provided corrosion rate of <4MPY under soft water conditions. In the recirculating system, corrosion rates were <2 MPY and scaling was prevented without additional treatment. ZLD application demonstrated the new chemistry’s ability to inhibit calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate and mild steel corrosion.
Huey J. Chen, Yue Chen
CORROSION 2002 · 2002
Abstract There is an increasing need in the petroleum industry to develop green products due to more severe environmental legislation. Recently, several environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors became available commercially. We evaluated the performance of five of these commercial green corrosion inhibitors in CO2 saturated 3% sodium chloride solution with or without hydrocarbon. We used the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy technique in the Rotating Cylinder Electrode system for the performance evaluation. Results showed that three of five commercial products gave acceptable inhibition performance and the performance ranking among these products also varied significantly in brines with or without 20% hydrocarbon. This indicates that partitioning characteristics of these products are different.
Juyeon Hwang, Seokhee Jeong
MECC 2023 · 2023
Abstract Cities represent intricate tapestries of diverse infrastructures where elements with distinct functions coexist in a complex harmony. Notably, high-rise buildings, which exert a significant influence on a city's aesthetics, serve a purpose that extends beyond their architectural significance. Their role encompasses the protection of lives and property in the face of calamity. In the unfortunate event of a fire within a steel-framed structure, a myriad of factors comes into play: combustion gases, flames, intense heat, and harmful smoke. The heightened temperature of the blaze threatens the structure's integrity, intensifying the risk of structural collapse. This is where the significance of fire-resistant coatings becomes apparent. When exposed to high temperatures, these coatings undergo a transformative process, expanding and evolving into an insulating layer. This layer acts as a robust barrier, preventing the searing heat from infiltrating the steel framework. This critical delay provides occupants with precious moments to safely evacuate. In this study, we delve into the evolution of the core technology underpinning the foaming mechanism of fire-resistant paint, tracing its historical development. Furthermore, we investigate how various countries establish, quantify, and validate performance standards for fire-resistant paint in practical settings, emphasizing its vital functions. Special attention is directed towards the evaluation of fire-resistant paint during actual fire incidents. Additionally, our research assesses the risks associated with combustion gases generated during fires, contributing to the development of more environmentally sustainable fire-resistant paints. To conclude, we present a noteworthy case study that illustrates the unique application of fire-resistant paint within the Korean context.
Anatolii DANYLKOVYCH, Olga SANGINOVA
Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences · 2022
The paper presents the results of the development of the technology of sintal-tanid tanning of unhaired hide obtained from the skins of cattle – heavy beef with acid deaeration, in the formation of harness skin without the use of chromium compounds. For this, the samples of the unhaired hide are thoroughly washed with water according to the usual method, and soaking is performed on the residual liquid after draining (20%) in a drum for 2 hours at a temperature of 19–20 C in the presence of 0.5% ammonium sulfate and 0.6% lactic acid mixture and sulfuric at a ratio of 1:1 based on 100% concentration. Reagent consumption are set based on the previous studies. Sodium hexametaphosphate in the presence of 100% water by weight of the semi-finished product (PK 1) for the same temperature is used to transform the unhaired hide into pre-tanning components. After 15 minutes of mixing in a drum 0,6% of the sulfuric acid diluted with water 1: 5 are added. For 30 minutes external layers of a branch are preliminary fixed. Then a second pre-tanning is performed due to the addition of 1.5% formalin. After 4 hours of continuous rotation of the drum, for the next 12 hours the system is set in motion for 2-3 minutes every 2 hours. During this time, the pH value of the cut of the semi-finished product is 4.6. To reduce the content of environmentally hazardous reagents, formalin is excluded from the technological process. The use of sodium hexametaphosphate and formaldehyde instead of chromium compounds before syntane-tanide tanning allows to reduce the duration of the technology by 18 hours, to reduce water consumption by 1.6–2.2 times. When using only sodium hexametaphosphate at the stage of pre-tanning and tanning of the semi-finished product of the developed technology, the toxic substances content in wastewater of leather production is significantly reduced. Harness leather produced using the developed chrome-free tanning technology meets the technical requirements of the current standard in terms of its quality. Tested chemical materials can be effectively used for the development of alternative chrome, environmentally safer, resource-saving technologies to produce leather materials for general purposes.
Alvan Fathony, Syafiqotunnafila
QULUBANA: Jurnal Manajemen Dakwah · 2024
In economic development, the concept of a green economy supports human well-being and pays attention to the preservation of the environment and ecosystems. However, from a negative perspective, economic development can also lead to the loss of natural resources due to excessive management, pollution of land, water, and air by industrial pollution, floods, and the impacts of climate change. The ideal concept of sustainable development can be found in Islam. At least there are basic rules that support sustainable development, namely the application of fiqh al-bi'ah based on maqashid sharia to manage Islamic resources in the economy. This type of research is a descriptive research paper with a qualitative approach. The research procedure produces descriptive data in the form of written words from people and observed behaviors. The results of this research indicate that the application of Islamic fiqh al-bi'ah can significantly contribute to global efforts to address environmental challenges and achieve fair and inclusive sustainable development.
Shanti Maria Liga
· 2023
(English) The availability of energy is a fundamental ingredient for the development of society. However, the intense consumption of fossil fuels as an energy resource since the second industrial revolution has caused a massive increase in the concentration of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which is nowadays known to be the first cause of climate catastrophe. For this reason, it has become a priority to replace fossil fuels with more sustainable sources, which are renewable and produce low greenhouse gas emissions. Photovoltaics is one of the suitable technologies to carry out this fast transition because it is already well-developed and is based on the use of the infinite energy source, the Sun. However, increasing the efficiency of solar light conversion into electricity and reducing the cost of photovoltaic devices is fundamental to achieve the goals set by policy makers. Consequently, the development of novel optoelectronic materials, based on abundant and environmentally friendly elements, is one of the fundamental scientific advances needed to boost the shift towards a low-carbon society. Perovskites, whose solar cells reached this year a certified record efficiency of 25.7%, are the first solution-processed materials to outperform multicrystalline and thin-film silicon and therefore one of the most interesting new materials for photovoltaic applications. In spite of their astonishing performances in solar cells, the most promising perovskites contain lead, which is toxic for human beings and potentially a threat to the environment. Hence, over the last decade, there has been intensive research on strategies to replace lead in the perovskite structure with nontoxic elements. Among all the novel perovskites studied, titanium-based vacancy-ordered double perovskites demonstrated one of the most promising performances when applied in solar cells. This thesis focuses on the development of new solution syntheses for the preparation of novel lead-free vacancy-ordered double perovskite nanocrystals based on titanium and tin in the oxidation state +4, which are nontoxic and abundant elements. All the synthesized perovskite nanocrystals were characterized structurally, chemically and optically. Moreover, the experimentally observed optical properties and the stabilities of these materials were further confirmed by ab initio density functional theory calculations. We initially developed a colloidal synthesis to prepare mixed bromide-iodide Cs2TiBr6-xIx perovskites. All these materials are intrinsically stable with bandgaps in the visible region; suitable for solar cell applications. However, they showed very high instability in air, which prevented their application in devices and that motivated us to search for strategies to stabilize them. Encouraged by the higher reported stabilities of Sn+4 perovskites with the same vacancy-ordered double perovskite structure, we synthesized pure tin halide perovskite NCs and novel mixed titanium/tin iodide and bromide perovskite NCs. The experiments confirmed that tin perovskites are stable in air and that the mixtures with the highest amount of tin in the structure are stable in air for longer than pure titanium perovskites. Finally, for the case of Cs2TiBr6, we developed a room temperature method to reach comparable stabilities in air through a surface treatment with tin compounds. In summary, we have developed a low-temperature solution method for the preparation of novel environmentally-friendly perovskites based on tin and titanium and studied their properties for the first time, both computationally and experimentally. Finally, we have found a way to increase the stability in air of titanium-based perovskites through the addition of tin in the structure. Overall, this thesis provides an insight into novel lead-free perovskites based on titanium and tin and it represents a milestone for the understanding and development of this new class of materials. (Español) La disponibilidad de energía es un ingrediente fundamental para el desarrollo de las sociedades. A pesar de eso, el elevado consumo de combustibles fósiles como principal fuente de energía desde la segunda revolución industrial ha causado un aumento de la concentración de CO2 en la atmosfera, que a día de hoy se ha reconocido como la primera causa del cambio climático. Por esta razón, se ha convertido en una prioridad remplazar los combustibles fósiles con fuentes más sostenibles. La energía fotovoltaica es una de las tecnologías más adecuadas para progresar rápidamente en esta transición, aunque el aumento de la eficiencia del proceso de conversión de luz solar a electricidad y la reducción del coste de los dispositivos fotovoltaicos sean fundamentales para conseguir a tiempo los objetivos establecidos por los órganos decisorios. Por lo tanto, el desarrollo de nuevos materiales optoelectrónicos, compuestos a partir de elementos que sean abundantes y respetuosos con el medio ambiente, es uno de los avances científicos fundamentales necesarios para impulsar este cambio hacia una sociedad “low-carbon”. Las perovskitas, cuyas celdas fotovoltaicas han alcanzado este año una eficiencia del 25.7% están entre los nuevos materiales más interesantes para aplicaciones fotovoltaicas. A pesar de esto, las perovskitas más prometedoras contienen plomo, que es un elemento tóxico para los seres humanos y una amenaza potencial por el medio ambiente. En consecuencia, a lo largo de la última década, muchos proyectos de investigación se han centrado en la búsqueda de estrategias para remplazar el plomo con elementos que no sean tóxicos. Entre todas las nuevas estructuras estudiadas, las perovskitas dobles con vacantes ordenadas con base de titanio son las que han alcanzado uno de los rendimientos más prometedores en las celdas fotovoltaicas. Esta tesis está centrada en el desarrollo de nuevas síntesis en solución para la preparación de nuevos nanocristales de perovskitas dobles con vacantes ordenadas de titanio y estaño en estado de oxidación +4, ambos elementos abundantes y no tóxicos. Todos los nanocristales de perovskitas que han sido preparados fueron caracterizados estructural, química y ópticamente. Además, las propiedades observadas experimentalmente han sido confirmadas mediante cálculos de la teoría del funcional de la densidad ab initio. Inicialmente, se ha desarrollado una síntesis coloidal para preparar perovskitas mixtas de ioduro y bromuro de cesio y titanio con fórmula Cs2TiBr6-xIx. Todos estos materiales tienen brechas de bandas en el visible, entonces serian aptos para aplicaciones en celdas solares. Por otro lado, tienen una inestabilidad muy alta en aire, que impediría cualquier aplicación en dispositivos, y que nos ha impulsado a focalizarnos en la búsqueda de estrategias para estabilizarlas. Motivados por las altas estabilidades en aire reportadas en las perovskitas análogas que contienen Sn+4, se han sintetizado las perovskitas nanoestructuradas de estaño y de titanio y estaño. Se ha observado que las mezclas con el porcentaje más alto de estaño son estables en aire por un tiempo más largo que las perovskitas de titanio. Finalmente, para el caso de Cs2TiBr6, se ha desarrollado un método para conseguir una estabilidad comparable, mediante un tratamiento superficial utilizando compuestos de estaño. En resumen, se ha desarrollado una nueva síntesis en solución para la preparación de nuevas perovskitas sin plomo a base de estaño y titanio y se han estudiado por primera vez sus propiedades mediante métodos experimentales y computacionales. Finalmente, se ha encontrado una manera para mejorar la estabilidad en aire de las perovskitas a base de titanio, mediante incorporación de estaño en la estructura. En general, esta tesis aporta un entendimiento de las nuevas perovskitas dobles con vacantes ordenadas de titanio y estaño y representa un punto de referencia por la comprensión y el desarrollo de esta nueva clase de materiales
Csaba Hancz
Acta Agraria Kaposváriensis · 2024
Sustainability applies to almost all aspects of human activity, and the ever-growing aquaculture industry is no exception. Feeding aquatic animals is of paramount importance in terms of economic and environmental sustainability. This review discusses practices and promising new results for improving feed efficiency at different levels of production intensity. Special emphasis is placed on demonstrating how semi-intensive pond technology can be considered ab ovo sustainable also from a social point of view. Recent achievements in the field of alternative protein sources to replace fishmeal are also discussed, as well as the beneficial properties of special feed additives such as probiotics and phytochemicals.
Yuji Isshiki, Naoki Hashimoto
IABSE Reports · 2025
<p>TAC.T BRIDGE is a pedestrian bridge, composed of small diameter timbers and the environmentally friendly concrete, that will lead to sustainable action now and future. The site is at the Japanese General Contractor's R&amp;,D department. This bridge functions as a part of a circular pathway, that connects the scattered facilities, and contributes not only to convenience for the researchers but also as a place for a change of pace during working time. As for the used material – small diameter timbers, which has been mainly used for frames of housing in small scale, is easy to procure in a stable price and to machine with precision on NC processing. And the environmentally friendly concrete, which achieves a reduction of CO2 emissions and a negative CO2 balance by replacing a part or all of cement to blast furnace slag and/or carbon‐recycled materials, comprises the bridges abutments. TAC.T BRIDGE is our proposal for the realization of the carbon neutrality by 2050.</p>
· 2009
The 20th century has seen a phenomenal growth in the global economy and continuous improvement in the standard of living in the industrialized countries. Sustainable development has become an ideal target in recent years and in the early 1990s the concept of "Green chemistry" was launched in the USA as a new paradigm, and since 1993 it has been promoted by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The success of the pharmaceutical industry is, in large part, due to the towering achievement of organic chemistry, a mature science which emerged as a distinct discipline well over 150 years ago, however this has been both a blessing and a curse. Many of our most reliable strategies for assembling target molecules employ reactions which are fifty to one hundred years old and are often named in honour of their discoverers. During these early years, the chronic toxicological properties of chemicals were often completely unknown and many unwittingly became indispensable tools of the trade. Early pioneers in green chemistry included Trost (who developed the atom economy principle) and Sheldon (who developed the E-Factor). These measures were introduced to encourage the use of more sustainable chemistry and provide some benchmarking data to encourage scientists to aspire to more benign synthesis. Green chemistry is essentially the design of chemical processes and procedures that reduce or eliminate the use, or the generation, of hazardous substances. Green chemistry is a growing area of research and an increasing number of researchers are now involved in this field. The number of publications has dramatically increased and new recognition of advances made is necessary with respect to other research areas. The synthesis of "Fine Chemicals" represents one of the main goals in organic synthesis and this new book extensively examines the main processes and procedures for their preparation under eco-friendly conditions. The book is a collection of selected research topics delivered by scientists involved in some of the more prominent fields of green chemistry. It is devoted to the synthesis of fine chemicals by the use of alternative eco-friendly solvents (ionic liquids, polyethylene glycol, water, etc.), supported organic catalysis, microwave irradiation or high pressure as contributors to more efficient processes, photochemistry as a green procedure and solvent-free processes. Each chapter gives an introduction to the various methods or procedures and their contribution to green chemistry and a variety of the most representative examples of the eco-friendly synthesis of fine chemicals are reported and discussed. In addition, there is a chapter dedicated to the application of simple reaction to the synthesis of complex molecules.The chapters are all written by authors who are experts in their field and are exhaustively referenced and the book will be invaluable for researchers and industrialists as well as academia.
Anita Restu Puji Raharjeng, Evika Sandi Savitri, Ruqiah Ganda Putri Panjaitan
Innovations and Applications of Advanced Biomaterials in Healthcare and Engineering · 2025
This book chapter elucidates key concepts such as the molecular mechanisms of life, biomolecular synthesis, bioenergetics, and chemical interactions within biological systems. This integrated approach is designed to support a science curriculum that meets contemporary needs, emphasizing the exploration of real-world phenomena through laboratory experiments, digital simulations, and cutting-edge technological applications. This book chapter also highlights the importance of global issues such as climate change, waste management, and public health in the context of biology and chemistry. With a research-driven methodology and problem-based learning approaches, it offers practical guidance for educators, students, and researchers to effectively apply molecular science in various academic and industrial contexts. Through educational innovation and cross-disciplinary integration, Molecular Revolution aims to inspire transformation in science teaching and learning, building a strong foundation for future generations to address global challenges with knowledge and empathy.
Victor Alejandro Serrano-Echeverry, Carlos Alberto Guerrero-Fajardo, Karol Tatiana Castro-Tibabisco
Fuels · 2025
Biobutanol is becoming more relevant as a promising alternative biofuel, primarily due to its advantageous characteristics. These include a higher energy content and density compared to traditional biofuels, as well as its ability to mix effectively with gasoline, further enhancing its viability as a potential replacement. A viable strategy for attaining carbon neutrality, reducing reliance on fossil fuels, and utilizing sustainable and renewable resources is the use of biomass to produce biobutanol. Lignocellulosic materials have gained widespread recognition as highly suitable feedstocks for the synthesis of butanol, together with various value-added byproducts. The successful generation of biobutanol hinges on three crucial factors: effective feedstock pretreatment, the choice of fermentation techniques, and the subsequent enhancement of the produced butanol. While biobutanol holds promise as an alternative biofuel, it is important to acknowledge certain drawbacks associated with its production and utilization. One significant limitation is the relatively high cost of production compared to other biofuels; additionally, the current reliance on lignocellulosic feedstocks necessitates significant advancements in pretreatment and bioconversion technologies to enhance overall process efficiency. Furthermore, the limited availability of biobutanol-compatible infrastructure, such as distribution and storage systems, poses a barrier to its widespread adoption. Addressing these drawbacks is crucial for maximizing the potential benefits of biobutanol as a sustainable fuel source. This document presents an extensive review encompassing the historical development of biobutanol production and explores emerging trends in the field.
Dibyendu Adak, Manas Sarkar, Moumita Maiti et al.
RSC Advances · 2015
Schematic representation of the anti-bacterial action of silver–silica modified geopolymer mortar for green construction technology.
Somnath Banerjee
Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage · 2025
This chapter explores the integration of sustainable practices into data engineering to drive business success while reducing environmental impact. It examines strategies such as energy-efficient data pipelines, green data storage, and low-carbon cloud architectures that enhance operational efficiency and support sustainability goals. The chapter also highlights real-world case studies to illustrate the application of eco-friendly data practices in various industries. Readers will gain actionable insights into how sustainable data engineering can optimize resources, cut costs, and align businesses with global environmental standards, fostering both economic and ecological benefits.
Nima Norouzi
Green Chemistry for the Development of Eco-Friendly Products · 2022
In recent years, hydrogen technology has been at the forefront of environmental discussions to meet increasingly tough climate protection goals and particularly low emissions targets in the transportation sector. Like any major change, a transition to hydrogen energy faced challenges in many countries, which caused several problems in the growth of the hydrogen share of the total energy supply portfolio. In 2018, Hydrogen Law (Hylaw) was introduced, which removes the legal barriers to the deployment of fuel cells and hydrogen applications. It is a flagship project aimed at boosting the market uptake of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies providing market developers with a clear view of the applicable regulations while calling policymakers' attention to legal barriers to be removed. This chapter introduces a consistent framework for the Hylaw regulations that makes is a clear and precise statement and an interconnection between law and energy management policies.
Pradip M. Macwan, Pragnesh N. Dave
Ionic Liquids: Eco-friendly Substitutes for Surface and Interface Applications · 2023
The use of ionic liquids as solvents or catalysts has a notable impact. As a result, there is increasing interest in developing applications for them in a variety of synthetic reactions. The purpose of this chapter was not to be entirely complete, but rather to summarise some of the most recent advances in the use of ionic liquids in organic synthesis as a catalyst. The present chapter focuses on a general introduction to green and sustainable chemistry, as well as how it relates to homogeneous catalysis. A brief history of ILs as homogeneous catalysts is presented, various along with preparative routes and applications. Starting with their application, ILs have been used as catalysts in a variety of organic reactions. This focuses on the synthesis, significance, and applications of ILs. Although they are not particularly useful as solvents, they are now being used as catalysts in organic chemistry catalytic reactions.
C.M. Sunil, T.S. Sukanya, N.N. Asha et al.
Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research · 2025
Background: Actually, the millets are grown organically/no manures are applied even under low fertile soils resulted in poor millet production levels and leading to higher price of millets. Hence, there is need for low cost and eco-friendly technologies for getting higher productivity and sustaining the soil health. Methods: The field experiment was conducted to investigate the benefits of liquid microbial consortia and their mode of application on small millets (Proso, Little and Barnyard millet, respectively) at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, V. C. Farm, Mandya from kharif, 2020 to kharif 2022. The experimental design followed was randomized complete block design with three replications using the recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) at various levels (100%, 85% and 70% RDF, respectively) with different mode of application of liquid microbial consortia as seed treatment, soil application and combination of both. Result: The highest grain and straw yield was realized with treatment receiving 100% RDF+Seed treatment with liquid microbial consortia (5 ml kg-1 seed) followed by soil application of liquid microbial consortia (6.25 litres/ha) mixed with 500 kg farmyard manure (FYM) and applied in furrows during sowing as compared to 100% RDF alone. This might be due to the better growth and yield parameters. The nutrient uptake by grain and straw and microbial population and available soil nutrients at harvest and B:C ratio also followed the similar trend as in case of grain and straw yield.
Alessandra Sanson, Edoardo Roncari, Stefano Boldrini et al.
Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology · 2010
Gadolina doped ceria (GDC) is a promising electrolyte for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFC). Dense layers of this material can be economically deposited by screen printing. However, the inks for this technique generally use organic compounds that can raise health and safety issues, as well as economical issues. In order to obtain a low-cost alternative to the generally accepted organic-based ink, four different blends of binders were considered to prepare water-based GDC inks. The systems were deposited onto green NiO/GDC anodes produced by tape casting and treated at 1673 K for 4 h. By choosing the right combination of solvents and binders, it was possible to obtain a dense crack-free film of GDC from a water-based system.
Murali Krishna Pasupuleti
Sustainable Architecture and Green Building: Tools for Eco-Friendly Design · 2024
Abstract This chapter explores the advancements in green building and sustainable architecture, focusing on cutting-edge tools and techniques that promote eco-friendly design. It covers key principles such as energy efficiency, water conservation, and the use of sustainable materials, while also highlighting the role of modern technologies like Building Information Modeling (BIM), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) software, and smart building systems in optimizing the environmental performance of buildings. Case studies of high-performance green buildings and sustainable urban developments are discussed to illustrate practical applications. The chapter concludes by addressing the challenges faced in the widespread adoption of green building practices and looks ahead to future trends in sustainable architecture. Keywords: Green Building, Sustainable Architecture, Eco-Friendly Design, Energy Efficiency, Water Conservation, Building Information Modeling (BIM), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Smart Building Technologies, Sustainable Materials, High-Performance Buildings, Urban Development, Environmental Impact.
M. S. E. Youssef, Abou-Taleb Kh, E Macarthur et al.
Global NEST Journal · 2023
<p>Bioplastics made from renewable resources, such as contemporary biomass, have been developed more quickly as a result of global pollution from plastics made from petroleum, but it is still unclear how these materials will affect ecosystems. A common biopolymer that will make up 33% of the bioplastics produced in 2021 is polylactic acid (PLA). Forty-two bacterial isolates (soil, food wastes, and water wastes) were obtained, and 8 lactic acid bacteria were used for lactic acid (LA) production. These bacteria were classified into three categories, namely high, moderate and low LA producing bacteria which gave LA concentrations ranged from &gt;1.0 g/L (3 bacteria), 0.5 to 1.0 g/L (21 bacteria) and 0.1 to 0.5 g/L (26 bacteria), respectively. The Sudan black staining method revealed that 16 bacteria out of 50 were capable of storing PLA granules, with three lactic acid bacteria referred to as Lactococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus rhamenose, and Lactobacillus retrieria being the most efficient. The sodium dodecyl sulphate procedure was used to extract PLA from the selected LAB, and the results revealed that L. rhamnose was the most effective strain for producing both lactic acid and PLA. The most important fermentation parameters for lactic acid and polylactate polymer production were evaluated using an optimal custom (factorial) design. The interaction between three factors of selected potato oil waste, C/N ratio (48/1), and inoculum size (10%) resulted in an increase in lactic acid and polylactate polymer productivity by L. rhamenose L6, which reached 0.85 g/L, 0.96 g/L, and cell dry weight 2.33g/L, respectively.</p>
Sandeep P. Sabnis, Srinivas Seethamraju
Volume 8: Energy · 2020
Abstract Biogas, a promising alternative fuel, a substitute for fossil fuels, is predominantly a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide. Both are major greenhouse gases. Methane has a long-term effect on the environment while carbon dioxide is recycled by the plants. Hence, capture and burning of biogas to consume methane as a fuel is desired both from energy and environmental outlook. The presence of a large amount of carbon dioxide in biogas, however, impairs combustion in engines resulting into slow burning and higher hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions. Dry reforming, a conversion process of biogas to synthesis gas (syngas), a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, is a catalytic process that has the potential to greatly improve biogas combustion in engines. The researchers’ focus in dry reforming, however, has been for the generation of hydrogen for fuel cells and reactants for Fischer Tropsch process in industry — this approach aims towards maximum conversion of methane and carbon dioxide. The work presented here investigates the possibility of partial conversion of biogas to harness maximum energy and reduce emissions from I.C. Engines. The published research on dry reforming of biogas has examples of high concentrations of methane in the syngas with calorific values suitable for I.C. Engine application. For example, a 50:50 v/v CH4/CO2 composition biogas has calorific value of 13.33 MJ/kg which when converted to a syngas at 550°C results in a gas with 18:42:14:26 v/v CO2/CH4/H2/CO and a calorific value of 19.96 MJ/kg). Such compositions have moderate percentage of hydrogen to act as combustion enhancer and the carbon dioxide present helps to control NOx emissions. The major contributors of energy are methane and carbon monoxide in these cases. The dry reforming reaction is an endothermic reaction, which produces hydrogen. The side reactions that happen are the reverse water gas shift reaction, which reduces hydrogen yield and the Bouduard reaction which results in carbon deposition on the catalyst surface. The reactor conditions need to be chosen appropriately, especially the reactor temperature. Simulation of dry reforming reaction using a process simulation software (Aspen Plus) is carried out to find the extent of conversion and exit syngas composition for different biogas compositions. The endothermic heat for the reactor can be provided by the heat of the engine exhaust — therefore, an opportunity exists to use waste heat recovery from the engine exhaust. However, there is a tradeoff between the reactor temperature, syngas composition going to engine inlet and the engine exhaust heat — which is investigated in this study.
Wankuson Chanasit, Kamontam Umsakul, Kumar Sudesh
Biopolymers · 2025
ABSTRACT An obstacle to the commercial application of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and a co‐product exopolysaccharide, alginate, is their high production cost. In this study, waste cooking oil (WCO) was used as an inexpensive carbon source for biopolymer production by Pseudomonas mendocina PSU. The highest biomass of 4.60 ± 0.06 g/L and PHA concentration of 2.58 ± 0.03 g/L (accounting for about 54% DCW) were achieved with a productivity of 0.072 g/L/h under optimal conditions determined by response surface methodology. Additionally, a maximum alginate yield of 8.85 ± 0.24 g/L was obtained as the co‐product. The WCO, which primarily contained oleic acid (C18:1), palmitic acid (C16:0), and linoleic acid (C18:2) influenced the monomer composition of the produced PHA. The results demonstrated the presence of both SCL‐PHA monomers such as 3HB (3‐hydroxybutyrate) and MCL‐PHA monomers including 3HHx (3‐hydroxyhexanoate), 3HO (3‐hydroxyoctanoate), 3HD (3‐hydroxydecanoate), and 3HDD (3‐hydroxydodecanoate) in varying molar fractions. Moreover, an average molecular weight of approximately 10 4 Da and a polydispersity index of 1.58 were determined in the produced PHA, consisting predominantly of 3HB (86 mol%) when the cells were grown in 2.0% (v/v) WCO. Furthermore, the melting temperature ( T m ) and glass transition temperature ( T g ) were around 157°C and −20°C, respectively. Additionally, the produced alginate from P. mendocina PSU exhibited functional acetyl groups, which are a distinguishing feature of bacterial alginate, and showed an apparent viscosity comparable to commercial alginate from brown seaweed. These biopolymer characteristics demonstrate strong potential for biomaterial applications, adding value to WCO and reducing overall production costs.
Ming Zhao
Clean Energy Science and Technology · 2025
In today’s era of rapid technological advancements and growing emphasis on sustainability, innovative solutions across various fields are reshaping industries and addressing pressing global challenges. From the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries to advancements in solar energy utilization, latent thermal energy storage, and chip material processing, these technologies not only tackle critical issues such as resource conservation, efficient energy use, and emission reduction but also pave the way for sustainable development by fostering technological innovation and enhancing energy system efficiency.
Adel Razek
Clean Energy Science and Technology · 2024
The daily well-being of modern humanity is closely linked to the use of different devices operating through different sources of energy conversion. Electromagnetic energy obtained from the conversion of clean energy is one of the most used in devices in this context. The use of these devices reflects the expected results, often accompanied by unwanted side effects. These undesirable side effects correspond to the interaction of artificial electromagnetic radiation with living tissues of biodiversity (One Health concept). The corresponding living tissues are related to humans, animals (domestic and wild), birds, plants, etc., and more generally to biodiversity, including the ecosystem. Therefore, these harmful effects could be reduced by intelligent and sustainable construction and protection (Responsible Attitude concept) of these devices. This article aimed to illustrate the implication of the concepts of One Health and Responsible Attitude in the management of the daily use of wireless communication tools with electromagnetic energy, as well as power transfer devices. The two concepts were first discussed. The biological effects on living tissues due to exposure to electromagnetic field radiation were analyzed in the case of humans, animals and plants. The different characteristics of the radiated field and exposed tissues influencing these effects, as well as the governing laws and mathematical modeling of the effects, were examined. Additionally, the means for protecting living tissues from electromagnetic radiation were inspected. The analyses pursued in this article were supported by examples taken from the literature.
Xianfeng Fan
Clean Energy Science and Technology · 2024
In the era of industrial revolution, from powering factories to keeping our digital world humming, energy resources are the hidden engine behind modern economic activity, fueling production, transportation, and every click of a keyboard[1]. However, these commercial endeavors generate contaminants and toxins, which are extremely harmful for the environment and public health. To overcome these concerns, the utilization of clean energy is the main focus to enhance the economic growth and environmental preservation. During this time, many researchers and academicians are pivoted to study and research on clean energy technologies. Their successful research work helped us in publishing one commentary and six review articles, centered around the efficient use of resources, sustainable development, and environmental protection, in issue 2, volume 1 of this journal. It offers readers an overview of the most recent research trends in clean energy technology.
Chenwu Wu
Clean Energy Science and Technology · 2024
All human activities are nothing more than the conversion and flow of energy, and energy flow processes that have irreversible effects on the Earth’s environment are of particular concern. Energy flow processes of interest are less often purely physical, and more often include complex chemical processes involving light, electricity, heat, and force, which are inevitably distributed in almost all human activities. Therefore, the optimization of these processes towards maximizing energy efficiency is inevitably the result of multi-physical and interdisciplinary collaborations, which will ultimately have a significant impact on the likelihood and schedule of achieving the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction. The authors of the articles in this issue, with creative thinking, rigorous arguments, and abundant data, have superbly illustrated the need for multiphysics and interdisciplinary synergy in clean energy science and technology from a wide range of perspectives.
Michael Cary
Clean Technologies · 2019
In this paper we test for convergence in access to clean energy and clean technology among nations in order to study the economic determinants of access to clean energy and clean technologies. This is important because without access to clean fuels, no global development strategy can be environmentally sustainable. After obtaining an estimated convergence rate under a conditional β -convergence model, we use a more sophisticated club convergence econometric framework and ultimately reject the hypothesis of β -convergence in favor of subgroups exhibiting intra-group convergence tendencies that are distinct from the other groups. We then employ a club convergence algorithm which groups the 93 nations studied into 8 convergence clubs based on characteristics including the percentage of the population with access to clean energy in the household and the growth rate of this percentage. Evidence that household access to clean energy and clean technology is tied to economic development and institutional quality is provided by showing that the convergence clubs not only reflect distinct strata in access to clean energy but are also strongly tied to important indicators of institutional quality.
T. E. Kuleshova, Z. Gasieva, D. V. Rusakov et al.
Биофизика · 2024
Bioelectrochemical systems based on electroactive processes in the root environment of plants are a promising direction for the combined production of green electricity and plant products. The dynamics of the electric potential differences formation in the root environment, diffuse reflection indices, fluorescence parameters of leaves, and morphometric and biochemical characteristics of lettuce varieties Chinese curly, Chinese red-green, Ballet, Cocarde, Mercury, Dubrava, Robin, and Solos F_1 hybrid are studied. The maximum electric potential difference of 430 mV was typical for the Mercury variety, and the minimum of 352 mV for the Chinese Curly variety. According to the sum of the parameters, in addition to the electrical ones, including the morphometric, biochemical, and photosynthetic characteristics, the lettuce Ballet variety was the best. In the future, based on the data obtained, it will be possible to create agrophytocenoses, including plants capable of high and stable electricity generation together with high productivity and good quality of the plant products obtained, due to the effective assimilation and conversion of light energy.
Min-Hao Chang, C. Hsueh, Jia-Hui Liao et al.
Science Discovery · 2018
Microalgae contained abundant value compositions (e.g., antioxidant polyphenolics and flavonoids, proteins) and owned significant bioelectrochemical characteristics for sustainable applications. This study tended to decipher strategy to maximize generation of value-added products through testing of electrochemical capabilities (e.g., total polyphenolics content, DPPH antioxidant activities, cyclic voltammetry). Although extracellular metabolites of microalgae might express significant electrochemical activity as electron shuttles, such metabolites apparently still inhibited microbial activities, leading to significant reduction of power generation in microbial fuel cells with metabolite supplementation. This result clearly explained why slow-growing microalgae could propagate ubiquitously even microbes were grown in much faster rates. That is, combined interactions of microalgae-bacteria co-cultures evidently provided ecologically favorable conditions for microalgal persistence due to inhibitory metabolites expressed by microalgae in co-cultures.
Harishankar Kopperi, Vishnuvardhan Mamidi, G. Suresh et al.
Green Chemistry · 2025
Developing novel chemical upcycling technologies to transform plastic wastes into economically viable chemicals is crucial to establish circular plastics economy. Present work delineated a methodology integrating chemical and bio-catalysis for converting waste PET to sustainable biofuel blendstocks.
Jiao Feng, Wenjing Yang, Yao Liu et al.
Green Chemistry · 2025
An electroactive Escherichia coli is constructed through the reasonable design and interaction of multiple electron transfer pathways and applied in a BES.