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Xiaofei Wang, Federico Aulenta, Sebastià Puig, Abraham Esteve‐Núñez +3
This perspective reviews microbial electrochemistry applications for bioremediation, where bioelectrochemical systems (BES) provide or extract electrons via electrodes to drive pollutant transformation. Key processes include denitrification, perchlorate reduction, reductive dechlorination, hydrocarbon oxidation, and PAH removal. Advantages include precise electron control, no chemical additives, low energy consumption, and continuous monitoring. Despite technological and knowledge gaps, microbial electrochemistry offers a game-changing alternative to conventional remediation methods.
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Lack of suitable electron donors or acceptors is in many cases the key reason for pollutants to persist in the environment. Externally supplementation of electron donors or acceptors is often difficult to control and/or involves chemical additions with limited lifespan, residue formation or other adverse side effects. Microbial electrochemistry has evolved very fast in the past years - this field relates to the study of electrochemical interactions between microorganisms and solid-state electron donors or acceptors. Current can be supplied in such so-called bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) at low voltage to provide or extract electrons in a very precise manner. A plethora of metabolisms can be linked to electrical current now, from metals reductions to denitrification and dechlorination. In this perspective, we provide an overview of the emerging applications of BES and derived technologies towards the bioremediation field and outline how this approach can be game changing.