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H. Pham, Hien Tran, Linh Vu, H. T. Dang +5
This study demonstrates the first successful application of a sediment bioelectrochemical system (SBES) for in situ treatment of brackish aquaculture pond water and sediment. A laboratory-scale SBES with graphite granule anode and floating cathode was integrated into a brackish pond model and inoculated with halophilic bacteria from actual shrimp ponds. The system achieved stable electricity generation within 3 weeks and removed 20–30% more COD from water and 40% more COD from sediment compared to control, with 52% greater nitrogen removal. Dominant bacteria included novel species Methylophilus rhizosphaerae, Desulfatitalea tepidiphila, and Thiothrix eikelboomii.
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In this study, we investigated the potential of using sediment bioelectrochemical systems (SBESs) for in-situ treatment of the water and the sediment of brackish aquaculture ponds polluted with uneaten feed. A SBES integrated into a laboratory-scale tank simulating a brackish aquaculture pond was established. Such a tank (test tank) and the control (not containing the SBES) were fed with shrimp feed in a scheme that mimics a situation where 50% of feed is uneaten. After the SBES was inoculated with microbial sources from actual shrimp pond sediments, electricity generation was well observed from the first experimental week, indicating a successful enrichment of electrochemically active bacteria at the sediment of the test tank. The electricity generation became steady after 3 weeks of operation, with an average current density of 2.3 mA m-2 anode surface and an average power density of 0.05 mW m-2 anode surface. At the steady state, the SBES removed 20-30% more COD of the tank water, compared to the control. After 1 year, the SBES also reduced the amount of the sediment in the tank by 40% and thus could remove approximately 40% more COD and approximately 52% more nitrogen of the sediment, compared to the control. Insignificant amount of nitrite and nitrate was detected, suggesting a complete removal of nitrogen by the system. PCR-DGGE-based analyses revealed the dominant presence of Methylophilus rhizosphaerae, Desulfatitalea tepidiphila and Thiothrix eikelboomii, which have not been found in bioelectrochemical systems before, in the bacterial community in the sediment of the SBES-containing tank. This community was significantly distinct from those of the inoculum and the control tank, which were more related to each other. The results of this research demonstrate the potential application of SBESs for in-situ water and sediment reclamation of brackish aquaculture systems, which will certainly help reduce water pollution threats, fish and shrimp disease risks and thus farmers' losses.