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Abdullah Almatouq, Akintunde Babatunde
This study demonstrates concurrent phosphorus recovery and energy generation in a mediator-less dual-chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) operated for 120 days. Phosphorus precipitates as struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate) at the cathode when ammonium and magnesium are dosed. Maximum P recovery of 38% was achieved at COD 1.5 g/L, cathode pH >8, ORP −550±10 mV, and 50 mL/min aeration. However, P precipitation on the cathode surface reduces electricity generation, creating a trade-off: maximum P recovery (38%) corresponds to only 72 mW/m² power density, not the system optimum of 198 mW/m². COD concentration and aeration flow rate emerged as key influencing factors.
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This study investigated the mechanism and key factors influencing concurrent phosphorus (P) recovery and energy generation in microbial fuel cells (MFC) during wastewater treatment. Using a mediator-less dual chamber microbial fuel cell operated for 120 days; P was shown to precipitate as struvite when ammonium and magnesium chloride solutions were added to the cathode chamber. Monitoring data for chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and aeration flow rate showed that a maximum 38% P recovery was achieved; and this corresponds to 1.5 g/L, pH > 8, −550 ± 10 mV and 50 mL/min respectively, for COD, pHcathode, ORP and cathode aeration flow rate. More importantly, COD and aeration flow rate were shown to be the key influencing factors for the P recovery and energy generation. Results further show that the maximum P recovery corresponds to 72 mW/m2 power density. However, the energy generated at maximum P recovery was not the optimum; this shows that whilst P recovery and energy generation can be concurrently achieved in a microbial fuel cell, neither can be at the optimal value.