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Marta Coma
This paper presents a bioelectrochemical system (BES) for simultaneous removal of multiple groundwater contaminants—specifically toluene and copper—in a single-chamber cell with 1 V applied potential. Microbial oxidation of toluene at the anode generates current that drives abiotic reduction and precipitation of copper at the cathode. The work demonstrates that polarization is essential for contaminant removal, with a selected anodic biofilm capable of toluene biodegradation and uniform electrodeposition of Cu₂O nanoparticles on the cathode. This approach addresses a key challenge in groundwater remediation: treating chemically diverse contaminants simultaneously.
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Addressing the simultaneous removal of multiple coexisting groundwater contaminants poses a significant challenge, primarily because of their different physicochemical properties. Indeed, different chemical compounds may necessitate establishing distinct, and sometimes conflicting, (bio)degradation and/or removal pathways. In this work, we investigated the concomitant anaerobic treatment of toluene and copper in a single-chamber bioelectrochemical cell with a potential difference of 1 V applied between the anode and the cathode. As a result, the electric current generated by the bioelectrocatalytic oxidation of toluene at the anode caused the abiotic reduction and precipitation of copper at the cathode, until the complete removal of both contaminants was achieved. Open circuit potential (OCP) experiments confirmed that the removal of copper and toluene was primarily associated with polarization. Analogously, abiotic experiments, at an applied potential of 1 V, confirmed that neither toluene was oxidized nor copper was reduced in the absence of microbial activity. At the end of each experiment, both electrodes were characterized by means of a comprehensive suite of chemical and microbiological analyses, evidencing a highly selected microbial community competent in the biodegradation of toluene in the anodic biofilm, and a uniform electrodeposition of spherical Cu 2 O nanoparticles over the cathode surface.