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This MEC study investigates Anaerobic ammonium oxidation, Carbon metabolism, Microbial community. Key performance metrics include voltage output.
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Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) present significant enrichment challenges due to slow growth kinetics and extended cultivation periods. This study employed single-chamber microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) to investigate substrate conversion rates, microbial community dynamics, and bacterial morphological adaptations in mixed consortia (incorporating nitrifiers, denitrifiers, and AnAOB) under varying applied voltages (0-1.2 V). Key results demonstrated that at 0.6 V, ammonium removal efficiency nearly doubled compared to the 0 V baseline, with AnAOB relative abundance increasing from 5.78 ± 0.38% to 12.34 ± 0.60% while denitrifiers decreased from 9.69 ± 1.33% to 2.84 ± 0.14%. Voltage escalation to 1.2 V induced proliferation of denitrifiers, which coexisted with AnAOB under carbon-limited conditions. During actual wastewater operation, ammonium degradation rates declined to 73% (Cycle 1) and 68% (Cycle 2), yet AnAOB maintained functional dominance at 12.56 ± 0.40% relative abundance. These findings provide valuable insights for AnAOB enrichment from complex communities, demonstrating voltage optimization's potential to enhance syntrophic interactions and intensify nitrogen removal pathways.