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Joanna Rodziewicz, Artur Mielcarek, Wojciech Janczukowicz, Kamil Bryszewski +2
This study evaluates rotating electrochemical disk contactors (RECDC) and rotating electrobiological disk contactors (REBDC) for treating soilless tomato cultivation wastewater, which is characterized by low COD, high phosphorus, and oxidized nitrogen forms. Operating parameters—electric current density (0.63–10.0 A/m²) and hydraulic retention time (4–24 h)—were optimized for effluent quality targets. REBDC achieved superior nutrient removal, with >90% phosphorus removal and nitrogen concentrations meeting discharge standards at HRT=24 h and J=2.5 A/m². RECDC performed better for sewage system discharge but required higher current densities.
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Soilless tomato cultivation wastewater, with typically low COD, high concentrations of phosphorus, and oxidized forms of nitrogen, may be effectively treated in a rotating electrochemical disk contactor (RECDC) and in a bioelectrochemical reactor (BER), such as a rotating electrobiological disk contactor (REBDC). The aim of this study was to determine the technological parameters of both reactors, i.e., electric current density (J) and hydraulic retention time (HRT), depending on the effluent quality requirements. The study was conducted with four one-stage RECDCs and with four one-stage REBDCs, at four hydraulic retention times, i.e., 4, 8, 12, and 24 h, and electric current densities of 0.63, 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, and 10.00 A/m2. It was demonstrated that soilless tomato cultivation wastewater could be effectively treated in electrochemical and electrobiological disk contactors, and then discharged to sewage system facilities. In a RECDC, the highest denitrification (53.4%) and dephosphatation (99.8%) performance was achieved at J = 10.0 A/m2 and HRT = 24 h. If the effluents are to be discharged to natural reservoirs, their effective treatment is only feasible in a REBDC. The bioelectrochemical disk contactor ensured over 90% dephosphatation effectiveness. At HRT = 24 h and all electric current densities studied, the concentrations of pollutants in the effluent met requirements set for industrial wastewater discharged into natural waters and the ground. By applying J = 2.5 A/m2 and HRT = 24 h in the REBDC, it was possible to achieve a phosphorus concentration below 3.0 mg P/L and concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and nitrites lower than the permissible levels for treated industrial wastewater introduced to waters and to the ground. Given the nitrate concentration (exceeding 30 mg N/L), an external carbon source is recommended to aid a treatment process that uses a technological system with a REBDC. Technological schemes were proposed for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with a RECDC and a REBDC, for discharging treated wastewater to natural waters, the ground, and sewage systems.