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Enza Palma, Matteo Daghio, Andrea Franzetti, Marco Petrangeli Papini +1
This study presents the 'bioelectric well,' a novel bioelectrochemical reactor configuration designed for in situ treatment of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated groundwater. A laboratory-scale prototype operated in continuous-flow mode achieved 99.5% phenol removal (25 mg/L influent) with a degradation rate of 59 mg/L/d and coulombic efficiency of 104% when inoculated with refinery sludge and the anode potentiostatically controlled at +0.2 V versus SHE. Geobacter species dominated the anode biofilm, directly catalyzing phenol oxidation. The system demonstrates low energy consumption (0.007 kWh/g phenol) and potential for field-scale deployment within existing groundwater well infrastructure.
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Groundwater contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) is a widespread problem which poses serious environmental and health concerns. Recently, microbial electrochemical technologies (MET) have attracted considerable attention for remediation applications, having the potential to overcome some of the limiting factors of conventional in situ bioremediation systems. So far, field-scale application of MET has been largely hindered by the limited availability of scalable system configurations. Here, we describe the 'bioelectric well' a bioelectrochemical reactor configuration, which can be installed directly within groundwater wells and can be applied for in situ treatment of organic contaminants, such as PHs. A laboratory-scale prototype of the bioelectric well has been set up and operated in continuous-flow regime with phenol as the model contaminant. The best performance was obtained when the system was inoculated with refinery sludge and the anode potentiostatically controlled at +0.2 V versus SHE. Under this condition, the influent phenol (25 mg l -1 ) was nearly completely (99.5 ± 0.4%) removed, with an average degradation rate of 59 ± 3 mg l -1 d and a coulombic efficiency of 104 ± 4%. Microbial community analysis revealed a remarkable enrichment of Geobacter species on the surface of the graphite anode, clearly pointing to a direct involvement of this electro-active bacterium in the current-generating and phenol-oxidizing process.