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Ningyuan Zhu, Xuechen Zhang, Shanshan Yang, Chunquan Li +2
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Photic biofilms widely exist on the surface of paddy soil and play a key role in nutrient transformation and accumulation in the soil–water interface. However, whether and how photic biofilms affect nitrogen cycles in the subsoil remained unclear. This study investigated the processes and mechanisms of nitrate reduction in waterlogged paddy soil in the presence (treatment) or absence (control) of photic biofilms. The observed nitrate reduction rate constant (kobs) in the treatment soil increased 1.7 times compared with control. This accelerated kobs was attributed to the synergistic effect between poorly crystalline Fe minerals and autotrophic denitrifiers in soil, which was highly related to the presence of the photic biofilms. Photic biofilms aggravating daily redox oscillations at the soil–water interface promoted the formation of poorly crystalline Fe minerals available for microorganisms. Thus, photic biofilms increased the relative abundance of electroactive bacteria (Sphingomonadaceae and Xanthobacteraceae), iron reduction bacteria (Geobacter and Ignavibacterium), and denitrifiers (Rhodanobacteraceae and Burkholderiaceae) with higher copy numbers of nirK, nirS, and nosZ genes, thereby accelerating the nitrate reduction. Additionally, poorly crystalline Fe minerals contributed to improving interfacial electron transfer ability, which improved the activity of denitrifiers. These results suggested that the photic biofilms bioelectrochemically mediated the nitrate reduction in the waterlogged paddy soil.