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This study investigated the role of quorum sensing in enhancing dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia (DNRA) in constructed wetland-microbial fuel cells (CW-MFCs), finding a positive correlation between N-acyl homoserine lactone (C4-HSL) and NH4+-N concentration. The CW-MFCs achieved higher total nitrogen removal than traditional constructed wetlands, with plant growth positively correlated with nitrogen removal. The study highlights the potential of AHL-mediated DNRA for improving CW-MFC nitrogen elimination.
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Constructed wetland-microbial fuel cells (CW-MFCs) enable nitrogen removal from wastewater treatment plant secondary effluents. Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) is a common biochemical process in CW-MFCs, but lacks full mechanistic understanding. This study found CW-MFC produced 3.9 ± 1.8 mg/L NH 4 + -N via DNRA, with NH 4 + -N concentration was positively correlated with N-acyl homoserine lactone (C4-HSL, an AHL; p < 0.05). C4-HSL enhanced DNRA by boosting electron availability, extracellular electron transfer, and periplasmic enzyme-encoding gene abundance, supported by DNRA-related microbes (e.g., Geobacter). Despite DNRA, CW-MFC achieved higher total nitrogen TN removal (76.9 ± 6.4 %) than CW (51.1 ± 4.4 %), positively correlated with plant growth (p < 0.05; 131.4 % higher net photosynthesis, 132.3 % higher root activity). This first molecular-level investigation of AHL-mediated DNRA highlights its potential for improving CW-MFC nitrogen elimination.