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Dario Rangel Shaw, Muhammad Ali, Krishna P. Katuri, Jeffrey A. Gralnick +5
This study demonstrates that phylogenetically distant anammox bacteria possess extracellular electron transfer (EET) capability, coupling ammonium oxidation to insoluble electron acceptors including graphene oxide and electrodes in microbial electrolysis cells. Using 15N-labeling and comparative transcriptomics, the authors reveal that NH4+ is oxidized to N2 via hydroxylamine as an intermediate through an alternative pathway distinct from the canonical anammox mechanism. Complete NH4+ oxidation without NO2− or NO3− accumulation was achieved, with coulombic efficiency of 87.8%, offering promising applications for energy-efficient nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment.
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Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria contribute significantly to the global nitrogen cycle and play a major role in sustainable wastewater treatment. Anammox bacteria convert ammonium (NH 4 + ) to dinitrogen gas (N 2 ) using intracellular electron acceptors such as nitrite (NO 2 - ) or nitric oxide (NO). However, it is still unknown whether anammox bacteria have extracellular electron transfer (EET) capability with transfer of electrons to insoluble extracellular electron acceptors. Here we show that freshwater and marine anammox bacteria couple the oxidation of NH 4 + with transfer of electrons to insoluble extracellular electron acceptors such as graphene oxide or electrodes in microbial electrolysis cells. 15 N-labeling experiments revealed that NH 4 + was oxidized to N 2 via hydroxylamine (NH 2 OH) as intermediate, and comparative transcriptomics analysis revealed an alternative pathway for NH 4 + oxidation with electrode as electron acceptor. Complete NH 4 + oxidation to N 2 without accumulation of NO 2 - and NO 3 - was achieved in EET-dependent anammox. These findings are promising in the context of implementing EET-dependent anammox process for energy-efficient treatment of nitrogen.