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Riti Thapar Kapoor, Mohd Rafatullah
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) can be used for industrial wastewater treatment and clean energy production, offering energy and economic benefits, but also have drawbacks such as short lifespan and membrane fouling.
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A huge amount of wastewater released from industries flow into different water resources such as rivers. Industrial effluents can be regarded as an important resource for water, nutrients and energy. Microbial fuel cell (MFC), a green eco-friendly approach can be applied for the treatment of wastewater with electricity generation concomitantly. It is a novel strategy to generate clean, renewable, safe green energy to maintain a clean environment. MFC technology can be used for effluent treatment, biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand elimination, sulphate and removal of toxic metal and denitrification. MFC has an advantage as compared with other wastewater treatment methods because of certain unique properties such as energy and economic benefits, less effect on the environment and high stability. However, the operation of MFCs also has multiple setbacks such as short life span, high cost, membrane fouling and so on. MFC technology shows a pivotal function in solving problems of energy crisis and waste management. This chapter describes current applications of MFC technology for the treatment of industrial effluents with cost-effective energy generation and covers the gap by highlighting key future research areas to improve its performance.