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This BES study investigates Algal biochar, Denitrification, Microplastics. The research focuses on system optimization and characterization.
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In this work, the inhibition of microplastics (MPs, 50 μm) and nanoplastics (NPs, 50 nm) on denitrification at biocathode in bioelectrochemical system (BES), and the alleviated of this inhibition on nitrogen metabolism using algal biochar (ABC) were investigated. With the addition of biochar, it was found that nitrate removal increased to 75.6 % in the NP-50-ABC group, significantly higher than the 51.2 % observed in the NP-50 group. First, biochar was found to mitigate oxidative stress by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, while maintaining extracellular polymer secretion and cell membrane integrity. Second, ABC also helped reshape microbial communities, enrich denitrifying bacteria, and enhance the abundance of key functional genes (napA, napB, norB, nosZ) and enzymes. Third, biochar stimulated pathways for the anabolic reduction of nitrate to ammonia, thereby synergistically removing nitrate through denitrification. These findings provide theoretical support for improving BES resilience against emerging pollutants.