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MESSAI · KI für mikrobielle elektrochemische Systeme · © 2026

Jede Zahl auf dieser Website führt auf eine Quelldatei zurück – /proof

Forschungsdaten – Titel und Zusammenfassungen von Publikationen, extrahierte Daten und Katalogeinträge – erscheinen in ihrer Originalsprache Englisch.

Labor/Models

Modellkatalog

22 Einträge

Aus der Forschung abgeleitete digitale Zwillinge – von tragbaren Systemen im Mikromaßstab bis zur kommunalen Abwasserbehandlung. Jeder Zwilling beruht auf begutachteter Geometrie, maßgebenden PDEs und mikrobieller Kinetik, extrahiert aus dem MESSAI-Korpus.

Mikromaßstab µL – mL · Labor / Sensor / Wearable
Labormaßstab 0,1 – 10 L · F&E / Pilot
Pilotmaßstab 10 L – 10 m³ · Demonstration / Industrie
Großtechnisch > 10 m³ · Kommunal / Netz / Architektur
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Einsatzgebiete
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Mikromaßstab · µL – mL

Membraneless Microfluidic MFC

The Laminar Shield

TRL

4–5

Volumen

10 µL – 0.5 mL

Geometrie

Y-junction PDMS or glass ch…

Alleinstellungsmerkmal

Eliminates the membrane bottleneck by using laminar co-flow as a virtual separator — cuts internal resistance by an order of magnitude while removing the most failure-prone component in classical MFCs.

Anwendungen

  • Lab-on-chip biosensors and BOD probes
  • Disposable point-of-care diagnostics
  • High-throughput strain screening
  • Educational and prototyping platforms
3D-Vorschau
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Labormaßstab · 0,1 – 10 L

Dual-Chamber Microbial Electrolysis Cell

The Hydrogen Engine

TRL

5–6

Volumen

0.1 – 5 L per chamber

Geometrie

Two acrylic or glass chambe…

Alleinstellungsmerkmal

Closes the wastewater-to-fuel loop: organic carbon goes in, clean H₂ comes out at the cathode. Applied bias of ≈ 0.4 V is roughly a third of the 1.23 V water electrolysis requires, because anode microbes supply the balance of the thermodynamic work.

Anwendungen

  • Wastewater-to-hydrogen at WWTPs
  • Distributed clean-fuel production
  • CO₂-neutral H₂ for fuel-cell vehicles
  • Coupled treatment + energy recovery for breweries / distilleries
3D-Vorschau
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Mikromaßstab · µL – mL

Microfluidic Algal Fuel Cell

The Channel Screener

TRL

2–3

Volumen

50 – 500 µL

Geometrie

Microscope-slide-format PDM…

Alleinstellungsmerkmal

Magnetic electrode mounts let researchers swap anode or cathode materials in under a minute without disturbing the biofilm on the opposing electrode — enabling combinatorial material screening at µL scale.

Anwendungen

  • High-throughput algal and cyanobacterial strain screening
  • Electrode material characterisation at µL scale
  • Channel topology comparison studies (straight, serpentine, interdigitated)
  • Optically coupled in-situ biofilm microscopy
3D-Vorschau
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Großtechnisch · > 10 m³

Industrial / Municipal Wastewater MES

The Urban Scavenger

TRL

6–7

Volumen

0.5 – 1,000 m³

Geometrie

Tubular fiberglass modules,…

Alleinstellungsmerkmal

Treats real municipal and industrial wastewater while net-generating electrical power — turns a cost center (aeration) into a revenue stream (electrons + cleaner effluent).

Anwendungen

  • Municipal wastewater treatment retrofits
  • Brewery, dairy, and food-processing effluent
  • Pharma and pulp/paper polishing
  • Decentralized rural sanitation
3D-Vorschau
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Pilotmaßstab · 10 L – 10 m³

Benthic Microbial Fuel Cell

The Deep-Sea Pulse

TRL

6

Volumen

0.5 – 50 m² footprint

Geometrie

Buried graphite or carbon-c…

Alleinstellungsmerkmal

A truly autonomous power source for deep-ocean sensors — no batteries to replace, no solar cells to clean, just sediment chemistry and time. Drop it and forget it for years.

Anwendungen

  • Oceanographic sensor power (CTD, ADCP, hydrophone)
  • Submarine cable monitoring
  • Coastal pollution and HAB detection buoys
  • Long-duration AUV docking stations
3D-Vorschau
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Labormaßstab · 0,1 – 10 L

Algae-Powered Bioremediation MFC

The Photosynthetic Sync

TRL

5–6

Volumen

1 – 30 L

Geometrie

Dual-chamber acrylic device…

Alleinstellungsmerkmal

Couples photosynthetic O₂ generation directly to the cathode, replacing mechanical aeration with light — and turning atmospheric CO₂ into both oxidant supply and biomass.

Anwendungen

  • Aeration-free MFC research platforms
  • Coupled bioremediation + biomass production
  • CO₂-fixation demonstrators
  • Biophotovoltaic education kits
3D-Vorschau
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Pilotmaßstab · 10 L – 10 m³

Resource Recovery / Microbial Desalination Cell

The Circular Miner

TRL

4–5

Volumen

0.5 – 50 L per chamber

Geometrie

Three rectangular chambers …

Alleinstellungsmerkmal

A single device recovers freshwater, harvests valuable ions (Li⁺, NH₄⁺, PO₄³⁻), and generates power — converting "waste" brines into three product streams.

Anwendungen

  • Brackish water desalination
  • Lithium recovery from geothermal or oil-and-gas brines
  • Ammonium recovery from urine and digestate
  • Phosphate recovery from wastewater
3D-Vorschau
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Labormaßstab · 0,1 – 10 L

Microbial Electrosynthesis (MES)

The Carbon Fixer

TRL

5–6

Volumen

0.1 – 5 L

Geometrie

H-cell or flat-plate reacto…

Alleinstellungsmerkmal

Runs the MFC backwards: electrons in, CO₂ in, valuable chemicals out — a renewable-electricity-driven biological route to fuels and platform chemicals.

Anwendungen

  • CO₂-to-acetate / butyrate / ethanol
  • Power-to-X bioprocessing
  • Carbon-negative chemical production
  • Biorefinery integration (substitute for fossil-derived feeds)
3D-Vorschau
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Pilotmaßstab · 10 L – 10 m³

RFB-MFC Decoupled Architecture

The Redox Flow-Hybrid

TRL

4

Volumen

1 – 100 L bio-reservoir

Geometrie

Skid-mounted system with tw…

Alleinstellungsmerkmal

Decouples microbial growth from electrode reactions — bugs live in a comfortable reservoir; only the soluble redox mediator visits the electrode. Combines the energy density of bioelectrochemistry with the dispatchability of a flow battery.

Anwendungen

  • Long-duration grid-scale storage
  • Renewable load-following
  • Off-grid and microgrid backup
  • Biomass-to-electricity buffering
3D-Vorschau
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Labormaßstab · 0,1 – 10 L

Extremophile / Low-G MFC

The Space Farer

TRL

4

Volumen

0.1 – 5 L

Geometrie

Stainless cylinder, 0.5–10 …

Alleinstellungsmerkmal

Designed from first principles for microgravity, partial gravity, and high-radiation environments — a closed-loop bioelectrochemical reactor for long-duration spaceflight and lunar / Mars surface ops.

Anwendungen

  • ISS and Lunar Gateway payloads
  • Mars surface ISRU (in-situ resource utilization)
  • Long-duration crewed mission life support
  • Extremophile bioprospecting on Earth
3D-Vorschau
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Mikromaßstab · µL – mL

In-situ Soil MFC Biosensor

The Soil Health Guard

TRL

7

Volumen

100 cm² – 10 m² footprint

Geometrie

Buried carbon-cloth or grap…

Alleinstellungsmerkmal

A self-powered soil sensor that reads the rhizosphere from the inside — current output IS the measurement, no external battery, no separate transducer.

Anwendungen

  • Precision agriculture moisture and nutrient sensing
  • Soil contamination event detection
  • Reforestation and carbon-farming verification
  • Long-baseline ecological monitoring
3D-Vorschau
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Großtechnisch · > 10 m³

Microfluidic BPV Building Panel

The Living Facade

TRL

4–5

Volumen

5 – 50 L per panel

Geometrie

Glass-laminate microfluidic…

Alleinstellungsmerkmal

A building skin that breathes — generates electricity, fixes CO₂, modulates heat gain, and grows visibly green over the seasons. Architecture as living infrastructure.

Anwendungen

  • Net-zero / carbon-positive building skins
  • Architectural retrofits (replace cladding)
  • Urban CO₂ sequestration at scale
  • Combined daylighting + power + cooling
3D-Vorschau
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Mikromaßstab · µL – mL

Wearable Sweat-Powered Bio-Fuel Cell

The Skin-Link

TRL

3–4

Volumen

10 µL – 1 mL

Geometrie

Thin flexible PDMS patch, 1…

Alleinstellungsmerkmal

Mechanically flexible bio-fuel cell with strain-coupled exchange-current density — bends with the body, reads the body's chemistry, and powers itself from the body's effort.

Anwendungen

  • Self-powered wearable medical sensors
  • Continuous fitness and lactate monitoring
  • Battery-free skin patches
  • Sport-performance analytics
3D-Vorschau
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Pilotmaßstab · 10 L – 10 m³

Sediment-to-Microgrid Interface

The Ghost Power

TRL

5–6

Volumen

100 m² – 10 km²

Geometrie

16–25 individual benthic MF…

Alleinstellungsmerkmal

A self-powered, self-organizing mesh of benthic MFCs that learns collectively — federated intelligence on a sediment substrate, no external power, no centralized server.

Anwendungen

  • Smart lake / smart reservoir monitoring
  • Coastal water-quality networks
  • Aquaculture site surveillance
  • Environmental compliance and HAB early-warning
3D-Vorschau
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Großtechnisch · > 10 m³

Anaerobic Digester (CSTR + ADM1)

The Biogas Engine

TRL

8–9

Volumen

1 000 – 5 000 m³ per reactor (lab to municipal)

Geometrie

Vertical cylindrical concre…

Alleinstellungsmerkmal

ADM1 — IWA Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 — is the canonical kinetic model for AD across the wastewater + biogas industries. Its 26 dynamic state variables (DAE form, Batstone et al. 2002) span every step from disintegration and hydrolysis through methanogenesis; the QSDsan AnaerobicCSTR unit operation is built around it.

Anwendungen

  • Municipal sludge digestion (primary + secondary clarifier sludge)
  • High-strength industrial wastewater (food, dairy, brewery, distillery)
  • Manure digestion at livestock operations
  • Co-digestion of organic-fraction MSW with sludge
3D-Vorschau
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Pilotmaßstab · 10 L – 10 m³

MFC + Anaerobic Digester (electricity from wastewater)

The Bio-Battery Train

TRL

4–5

Volumen

0.5 – 50 m³ MFC stack downstream of a 10 000 m³ AD

Geometrie

Left: cylindrical AD tank (…

Alleinstellungsmerkmal

AD alone leaves 25–50 % of the influent COD behind in the digestate. An MFC polish step recovers a portion of that residual COD as electricity at electrode-surface efficiencies that exceed dark-fermentation H2 routes. The full-flowsheet TEA is meant to take the parameter-sweep page’s Butler-Volmer + Monod outputs; that link is not wired yet, so the baseline uses literature midpoints.

Anwendungen

  • Wastewater treatment with energy recovery (food / dairy / brewery effluents)
  • Decentralised treatment at sites without grid access
  • BOD sensors at WWTP outfalls (MFC voltage tracks BOD)
  • Educational / public-engagement reactors
3D-Vorschau
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Großtechnisch · > 10 m³

Conventional Activated Sludge (CAS + ASM2d)

The Industry Workhorse

TRL

9

Volumen

500 – 100 000 m³/d (municipal + industrial)

Geometrie

Aerated rectangular bioreac…

Alleinstellungsmerkmal

CAS is the technology MFC/MEC/AD systems must beat on capex/opex per kg COD removed. Without it as a baseline, claims about "wastewater MFC" economics are unfalsifiable. ASM2d adds phosphorus accumulation organisms (PAOs) for enhanced biological P removal — critical for nutrient-discharge-limited installations.

Anwendungen

  • Municipal wastewater treatment plants (primary technology)
  • Industrial COD/BOD discharge compliance
  • Pre-treatment ahead of AD or MFC polishing stages
  • Nutrient (N+P) removal via process variants (A2O, MUCT, UCT)
3D-Vorschau
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Pilotmaßstab · 10 L – 10 m³

MEC + Anaerobic Digester (H₂ from wastewater)

The Hydrogen Train

TRL

3–4

Volumen

0.5 – 50 m³ MEC stack downstream of a 10 000 m³ AD

Geometrie

Left: cylindrical AD tank (…

Alleinstellungsmerkmal

AD recovers most of the COD as biogas; MEC polish recovers a portion of the residual as H₂ at applied biases of 0.6–1.0 V — well below the 1.23 V thermodynamic minimum for water electrolysis. The TEA accounts for electricity input, H₂ output and residual COD reduction; it does not yet take kinetics from the parameter-sweep page.

Anwendungen

  • On-site green hydrogen at industrial wastewater operations
  • Refinery / petrochemical wastewater with valuable H₂ co-product
  • Distributed H₂ supply where transport is costly
  • Pilot demonstration of bioelectrochemical H₂ recovery
3D-Vorschau
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Pilotmaßstab · 10 L – 10 m³

Electrocoagulation (Al/Fe sacrificial anode)

The Color Eater

TRL

7–8

Volumen

1 – 500 m³/d (industrial side-stream)

Geometrie

Rectangular flow cell with …

Alleinstellungsmerkmal

Eliminates dosed-coagulant inventory (Al₂(SO₄)₃, FeCl₃) by generating the active species electrochemically — capex shifts from chemical handling to a small DC power supply. Faraday-law-bounded so dosing is precise and proportional to current. Avoids the sulfate / chloride counter-ion accumulation that wet coagulation introduces.

Anwendungen

  • Textile + dye wastewater color removal
  • Heavy-metal precipitation from mining / electroplating
  • Oil-water emulsion separation
  • Printing-ink ink-laden effluent
3D-Vorschau
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Pilotmaßstab · 10 L – 10 m³

Struvite Crystallisation (NH₄MgPO₄·6H₂O recovery)

The Phosphorus Mine

TRL

8–9

Volumen

10 – 500 m³/d side-stream

Geometrie

Vertical fluidized-bed crys…

Alleinstellungsmerkmal

Struvite (NH₄MgPO₄·6H₂O) is the only granular fertilizer recovered directly from wastewater at industrial scale (Ostara Pearl, NuReSys, Multiform). Capex pays back via avoided P-recovery surcharges + struvite sale. Mg dosing is the main reagent cost; product carries premium pricing as slow-release organic fertilizer.

Anwendungen

  • Municipal WWTP side-stream P recovery (Ostara Pearl is the reference design)
  • Anaerobic digestion supernatant treatment to prevent downstream scaling
  • Concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO) manure-derivative streams
  • Industrial fertilizer-precursor feedstocks (slow-release granular fertilizer)
3D-Vorschau
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Pilotmaßstab · 10 L – 10 m³

Ammonia Stripping (NH₃ recovery at high pH)

The Ammonia Stripper

TRL

8–9

Volumen

10 – 500 m³/d side-stream

Geometrie

Packed-tower (random or str…

Alleinstellungsmerkmal

Recovers N as a saleable chemical product (ammonium sulfate fertilizer or anhydrous NH₃) rather than discharging it. Complements struvite crystallisation (which is Mg-limited and recovers only 10–30 % of N). Avoids the energy cost of nitrification + denitrification entirely when applied to concentrated side-streams.

Anwendungen

  • Concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO) manure treatment
  • Anaerobic digestion supernatant N recovery
  • Industrial high-N wastewater (food processing, leachate)
  • Standalone nutrient recovery as alternative to biological N removal
3D-Vorschau
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Pilotmaßstab · 10 L – 10 m³

Mine-Methane Biofilter (methanotrophic packed bed)

The Mine Breather

TRL

5–7

Volumen

1 – 50 m³ bed

Geometrie

Vertical cylindrical vessel…

Alleinstellungsmerkmal

Targets the concentration window nothing else can serve. Flares need roughly 20 % methane and lean-burn engines around 25 %; regenerative thermal oxidation works down to about 0.2 % but at a large energy cost. Biological oxidation runs at ambient temperature on blower power alone, and its greenhouse-gas benefit exceeds its own emissions by orders of magnitude at these loadings.

Anwendungen

  • Ventilation-air methane from active mine shafts
  • Low-concentration drainage gas from sealed or abandoned workings
  • Post-closure methane management at legacy mine sites
  • Polishing the lean tail of a gas-utilisation scheme

SCHNELLVORSCHAU

Membraneless Microfluidic MFC

The Laminar Shield

MikromaßstabTRL 4–510 µL – 0.5 mLDigitaler 3D-ZwillingSpekulativ

A membraneless microfluidic MFC that uses laminar co-flow as a virtual separator, eliminating the membrane while maintaining electrochemical separation at the microscale. It enables highly compact bioelectrochemical devices for sensing, diagnostics, and micropower applications.

Alleinstellungsmerkmale

Eliminates the membrane bottleneck by using laminar co-flow as a virtual separator — cuts internal resistance by an order of magnitude while removing the most failure-prone component in classical MFCs.

Funktionsweise

Two miscible streams (anolyte with substrate-laden microbes, catholyte with oxidant) meet at a Y-junction and travel side-by-side through a microchannel at low Reynolds number. Diffusion broadening across the centerline is slow enough that the streams behave as separate half-cells while ions migrate freely between them, completing the circuit without a polymer membrane.

Leistungsbereich

Power density0.5–3 W/m² electrode area
Coulombic efficiency30–70%
Internal resistance50–500 Ω
Operating Reynolds number0.1–10
Stable run timeHours to days

Forschungsstand

Active research domain since the mid-2000s; TRL 4–5 with strong proof-of-concept demonstrations from groups at Stanford, Penn State, and KAIST. Main bottlenecks are biofilm management at low residence time and scale-up beyond single-channel devices.

Reaktorgeometrie

Y-junction PDMS or glass chip; channel 100–1000 µm wide × 50–500 µm deep × 10–50 mm long; thin-film carbon or Pt/C electrodes deposited along opposing channel walls; 2 inlets, 1 outlet.

Anwendungen

  • Lab-on-chip biosensors and BOD probes
  • Disposable point-of-care diagnostics
  • High-throughput strain screening
  • Educational and prototyping platforms
  • Microfluidic toxicology assays

Maßstab

Mikromaßstab

TRL

4–5

Aktives Volumen

10 µL – 0.5 mL

3D-Modell wird geladen …

Limitiert durchη ≈ 130 mV
Ausgeglichen

Kein einzelner Widerstand dominiert – kinetische, ohmsche und Stofftransportbeiträge sind vergleichbar. In dieser Konfiguration ist das der günstigste Bereich für eine stabile Stromerzeugung.

Regime abgeleitet aus Tafel-η an der Anode + Elektrodenabstand + Monod-Anteil. Dieselbe Diagnose steuert die Farbe des Elektronenflusses live in der 3D-Szene.

Wichtige Parameter

Flow velocity0.1–10 mm/s
Channel width100 µm–2 mm
Re<2000
Mixing widthµm scale

Maßgebende PDEs

Navier–Stokes (incompressible, low-Re) for laminar co-flow; convection–diffusion–reaction for substrate, oxidant, and ionic species; Butler–Volmer kinetics at electrode boundaries; Monod kinetics for biofilm metabolism. Diffusion-broadening width δ ~ √(D·L/U) governs virtual-separator quality.

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